Chapter 12

Question 1

Sick role

Answer 1

societal expectations about attitudes and behavior of a person viewed as being ill

Question 2

Brain drain

Answer 2

immigration to U.S. and other industrialized nations of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians

Question 3

infant morality rate

Answer 3

number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in given year

Question 4

Labeling theory

Answer 4

attempts to explain why certain people viewed one way while others engaged in same behavior are not

Question 5

Social epidemiology

Answer 5

study of distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population

Question 6

Morbidity rates

Answer 6

disease incidence figures presented as rates or number of reports per 100,000 people

Question 7

Mortality rate

Answer 7

incidence of death in a given population

Question 8

curanderismo

Answer 8

form of holistic health care and healing

Question 9

Holistic medicine

Answer 9

therapies in which the health care practitioner considers person’s physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics

Question 10

mental illness

Answer 10

should be reserved for disorder of the brain that disrupts thinking, feeling, and ability to interact with others

Question 11

Medical model

Answer 11

mental illness is rooted in biological causes that can be treated through medical intervention

Question 12

Labeling theory

Answer 12

some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses

Question 13

Human ecology

Answer 13

interrelationships between people and their spatial settings and physical environments

Question 14

Ecological modernization

Answer 14

proponents focus on alignment of environmentally favorable practices with economic self-interest through constant adaptation and restructuring

Question 15

Environmental justice

Answer 15

legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards

Question 16

Climate change

Answer 16

an observable alteration of the global atmosphere that affects natural weather patterns over several decades or longer

Question 17

Global warming

Answer 17

significant rise in earth’s surface temperatures that occurs when industrial gases like carbon dioxide turn planet’s atmosphere into virtual greenhouse

Question 18

Environmental refugees

Answer 18

people who have been displaced by rising seas, destructive storms, expanding deserts, water shortages, and high levels of toxic pollutants

Question 19

Environmentalism

Answer 19

1970: 25 million people turned out to observe first Earth Day
Citizens marched on behalf of specific environmental causes

Question 20

Initiating Environmental Policy

Answer 20

Economic downturn of 2008 a mixed blessing

Federal government established funds for creating green jobs

Question 21

Water Pollution

Answer 21

Dumping has made many bodies of water unsafe for drinking, fishing, swimming

Question 22

Air Pollution

Answer 22

More than 1 billion worldwide exposed to potentially health-damaging air

Question 23

Age

Answer 23

Most older people in U.S. have at least one chronic illness

Question 24

Gender

Answer 24

Women experience higher prevalence of many illnesses but tend to live longer

Question 25

Race and Ethnicity

Answer 25

Health profiles of racial and ethnic groups reflect social inequality in U.S.

Question 26

Social Class

Answer 26

People in lower classes have higher rates of mortality and disability

Question 27

The Medicalization of Society

Answer 27

Growing role of medicine as major institution of social control

Question 28

Health

Answer 28

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity