CHAPTER 9 Flashcards

1
Q

where is crude oil found

A

rocks

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2
Q

how is crude oil made

A

remains of sea life were buried in mud and layers of rock build up on top
this create the high pressure and temperature needed for crude oil

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3
Q

what conditions are needed for crude oil to form 3

A

no oxygen
high temperature
high pressure

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4
Q

what is crude oil

A

a mixture of different carbon compounds

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5
Q

what is a hydrocarbon

A

compounds containing carbon and hydrogen

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6
Q

what is a fraction

A

different substances with similar boiling points found in crude oil

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7
Q

formula and name of first alkane

A

methane CH4

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8
Q

formula and name of second alkane

A

ethane C2H6

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9
Q

formula and name of third alkane

A

propane C3H8

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10
Q

formula and name of fourth alkane

A

butane C4H10

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11
Q

how can you describe alkanes

A

saturated hydrocarbons

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12
Q

what is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

it contains as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule

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13
Q

general formul of alkane

A

Cn H(2n+2)

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14
Q

which hydrocarbon burns and ignites best

A

short chain hydrocarbons

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15
Q

as the chain length increases, what happens to the boiling point of a hydrocarbon

A

it increases

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16
Q

as the chain length increases what happens to the velocity of a hydrocarbon

A

it decreases

17
Q

what is the volality of a hydrocarbon

A

the tendency of a substance to turn into a gas

18
Q

as the chain length increase what happens to the viscosity of a hydrocarbo

A

it gets thicker

higher viscosity

19
Q

what is the viscosity of a substance

A

how easily it flows

20
Q

what do the properties of each fraction depend on

A

the size of the hydrocarbon molecules in it

21
Q

process of fractional distillation of crude oil

A

it is heated at the bottom of a tall column which is cooler at the top
the gases move up the column when they reach their boiling point they condense at the cooler temperature
they condense at different levels so can be connected

22
Q

what are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

carbon dioxide and water

23
Q

when does incomplete combustion occur

A

when there isn’t enough oxygen

24
Q

what happens to the hydrocarbon when complete combustion occurs

A

they are oxidised to form the products

25
Q

what is produced when incomplete combustion occurs

A

carbon monoxide

26
Q

how to tell that a hydrocarbon is an alkane

A

it has a c-c single bond

27
Q

two tests for water

A

turns cobalt chloride paper pink

turns white anhydrous copper sulfate blue

28
Q

why are hydrocarbons cracked

A

the longer chainlengths aren’t in high demand but the shorter ones are so they are broken down to form these desirable chainlengths

29
Q

process of cracking

A

the fraction is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons the vapour is then heated to a very high temperature
thermal decomposition takes place turning larger molecules into smaller molecules

30
Q

how to tell that a hydrocarbon is alkene

A

has a c=c double bond

31
Q

are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

A

unsaturated, compared to alkenes they have 2 less hydrocarbons for the carbon to bond to

32
Q

why are alkenes more reactive

A

the double bond opens up to form a single bond and allow the carbon to bond to other atoms

33
Q

general formula for alkenes

A

Cn H2n

34
Q

first four alkenes

A

ethene
propene
butene
pentene

35
Q

what happens when an alkene reacts with oxygen

A

if there is enough oxygen it will undergo complete combustion however alkenes are very likely to undergo incomplete combustion

36
Q

what is produced when an alkene undergos incomplete combustion

A

carbon carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and water

37
Q

what does the flame look like of something undergoing incomplete combustion

A

it will burn a smokey yellow flame

38
Q

what is the test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

it turns orange bromine water colourless