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CHEMSITRY > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when something is oxidised

A

oxygen has been taken away

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2
Q

what happens when something is reduced

A

gains oxygen

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3
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a salt

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4
Q

what is a metal ore

A

a rock containing a high concentration of a metal

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5
Q

equation for a metal and acid

A

metal + acid = salt + hydrogen

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6
Q

equation for a neutralisation reaction

A

acid + base = salt + water

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7
Q

what is a neutralisation reaction

A

acid + alkali

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8
Q

what do the sums of the charges on a salt add up to

A

0

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9
Q

equation for when an acid and alkali react

A

acid + alkali = salt + water

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10
Q

equation for acid + metal carbonate

A

acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

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11
Q

what are acids

A

substances that produce h+ ions when added to water

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12
Q

how do the most reactive metals react with dilute acid

A

explode

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13
Q

how do medium-high reactive metals react with water

A

react but slowly

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14
Q

how do medium-high metals react with dilute acid

A

fizz, give of hydrogen and produce a salt

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15
Q

how do medium-low metals react with water

A

slight reaction when heated

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16
Q

how do medium-low metals react with dilute acid

A

react only when warm

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17
Q

how do low metals react with water

A

no reaction

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18
Q

how do low reactive metals react with dilute acid

A

no reaction

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19
Q

what is an ionic equation

A

when the atoms or particles that don’t change aren’t included

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20
Q

what is carbon used for

A

extracting metals from their oxides

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21
Q

what is a half equation

A

something that includes electrons

22
Q

what is oxidation

A

loss of reactions

23
Q

what is reduction

A

gain of electrons

24
Q

what is a redox reaction

A

where one thing gains electrons and loses them eg a displacement reaction

25
Q

what is the equation for metal oxide + carbon

A

metal + carbon dioxide

26
Q

what are metals less reactive than carbon extracted by

A

carbon

27
Q

what are metals more reactive than carbon extracted by

A

electrolysis

28
Q

what is a salt

A

a compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal particles

29
Q

what gets reduced in a MASH reaction

A

hydrogen ions

30
Q

what is oxidised in a MASH reaction

A

metal ions

31
Q

what is an acid

A

something that produces h+ ions in water

32
Q

what is an alkali

A

something that produces OH- ions in water

33
Q

what makes an acid strong

A

when all particles ionise to form H+ ions in water

34
Q

metal + water =

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

35
Q

acid + metal hydroxide =

A

salt + water

36
Q

how do you extract metals from ores using carbon

A

the ore loses oxygen and the carbon gains the oxygen

37
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive one from its salt

38
Q

how does carbon reduces a metal

A

it removes the oxygen by bonding to it and forming C02 so the metal is pure

39
Q

why are some metals like gold found in their natural state

A

they are very unreactive

40
Q

what is a salt

A

a compound formed when the hydrogen in a acid is replaced by a metal

41
Q

what is displaced in an acid + metal displacement reaction

A

hydrogen

42
Q

what happens to the electrons in a MASH reaction

A

they are transferred from the hydrogen to the metal

43
Q

what is an alkali

A

a base that is soluble in water

44
Q

what enables you to work out the formula of salts

A

their overall charge = 0

45
Q

what is the equation for an acid + alkali reaction using ions

A

H+ OH- = H20

46
Q

what makes a solution acidic

A

when an acid releases hydrogen into the water

47
Q

what is special about the ionisation of a weak acid

A

it is reversible so an equilibrium

48
Q

what does the strength of the acid tell you

A

what proportion of the acid molecules ionise in water

49
Q

what does the concentration of an acid tell you

A

how much acid there is in a certain volume of water

50
Q

what is the effect of aqueous solutions

A

if the metal ion is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen will be produced

51
Q

how do covalent bonds hold atoms together

A

electrostatic forces between the shared negatively charged electrons and the positively charged nuclei

CHEMSITRY (13 decks)

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