CHAPTER 10 Flashcards
what is a functional group
it is what gives a family of compounds their characteristics reactions
what is the functional group of an alkene
the c=c bond
what is a homologous series
a family of an organic compounds with the same functional group
why aren’t alkenes used as fuels
they commonly combust incompletely which releases much less energy
functional group of alcohols
OH-
where do you find the OH- on an alcohol molecule
on the very right
first four components of the alcohol series
methanol
ethanol
propanol
butanol
functional group of carboxylic acid
-COOH
first four carboxylic acid
methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid
butanoic acid
functional group in esters
-COO-
how is ethanol produced
fermentation
how is ethene obtained
cracking crude oil
how is ethanol made
reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst
what property makes alcohols useful as solvents
they dissolve many other substances
3 uses of alcohols
perfumes
mouthwash
aftershave
what is produced when an alcohol combusts
carbon dioxide
and water
what is produced when an alcohol is mixed with sodium
sodium ()oxide and hydrogen
what is produced when an alcohol is oxidised
a carboxylic acid and water
general formula of alkenes
Cn H2n
what are alkenes
hydrocarbons with a double c=c bond
what makes alkenes unsaturated
the double c=c bond bond means that they have two fewer hydrogen compared to the alkenes with the same number of carbons
what are the first four alkenes and how many carbons do they have
ethene 2
propene 3
butene 4
Pentene 5
what is produced when alkenes combust completely
water and carbon dioxide
what happens when alkenes burn in air and why
they undergo incomplete combustion there isn’t enough oxygen
what is produced during incomplete combustion 4
water, carbon dioxide, carbon and carbon monoxide
why are alkanes used as fuels
they combust completely and release more energy
what happens when alkenes burn
incomplete combustion burn with a smoky yellow flame
why are alkenes unsaturated
the double c=c bond means they don’t have the maximum amount of hydrogens
what is hydrogenation
the addition of hydrogen
what happens when hydrogen is added to an alkene
the equivalent saturated alkane is formed