Chapter 9

Question 1

What interests did the anarcho-syndicalists (CNT) and Spanish socialists (UGT) represent?

Answer 1

UGT epresented Castilian centralism, CNT represented separatism of Barcelona? Pg 215

Question 2

What events led to “Tragic Week” in Barcelona, and what was the aftermath?

Answer 2

Military budget, trying civilians in military courts, spain forfeited lands un morocco to france and received very little compensation, in 1909 natives wiped out spanish colony and forced catalonian reserves to serve, effect was the break between catalonia and the rest of Spain

Question 3

Why were the elections of April 1931 significant?

Answer 3

Most provincial capitals went republican

Question 4

What were some provisions of the Second Republic’s constitution? Which was the most controversial?

Answer 4

President w limited powers, one-house parliament chosen in free elections, catalan autonomy, and granting the franchise to women, most controversial was article 26

Question 5

Who were the enemies of the Second Republic?

Answer 5

The anarchists and the spanish economy (probably the church too)

Question 6

What were the three stages of the Second Republic, as delineated in the chapter?

Answer 6

2 years of radical social change under the left-center, 2 years controlled by the right-center during which much of the previous legislation was overturned, 6 months of popular front rule before the civil war

Question 7

What were the opposing groups in the elections of 1936, and who belonged to each group? Who won the elections, and who refused to cooperate with the government?

Answer 7

Popular Front (union of leftist parties) and the National Front (union of conservative groups); Popular front won; largo caballero (socialist leader)

Question 8

Antonio gaudi/ la sagrada familia

Answer 8

to barceloana what the effiel tower is to Paris, unfinished arcitectural treasure, built by Antonio Gaudi, gaudi orn in Reus in 1852, founding father of art nouveau

Question 9

Pablo Picasso

Answer 9

born in Malaga in1881,

Question 10

les demoiselled d’avignon

Answer 10

the first important cubist painting, by picasso

Question 11

Pablo casals

Answer 11

catalan music prodigy, greatest cello virtuoso of modern times, song of the bird

Question 12

generation ‘98

Answer 12

loose-knit collection of writers who came of age around the time of the SPAM war and continued producing through the early 1930s shared no common interests except spain, asked the question: where did Spain go wrong

Question 13

jose echegaray

Answer 13

first spaniard to win a nobel peace prize (1904), for his melodramas

Question 14

samtiago ramon y cajal

Answer 14

(nobel, 1906/med), physician and scientist considered to be the founder of modern neurobiology. He was the first to report with precision the fine anatomy of the nervous system

Question 15

jacinto benavente

Answer 15

nobel, 1922 for lit, not part of gen of ‘98, rescued spanish theater

Question 16

juan ramon jimenez

Answer 16

nobel prize 1956 lit for platero y yo, included in gen of ‘98

Question 17

severo ochoa

Answer 17

(nobel, 1959/med), physician and biochemist, and joint winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Question 18

vicente Aleixandre

Answer 18

(nobel, 1977/lit), poet

Question 19

Camilo jose cela

Answer 19

(nobel, 1989/lit), novelist, short story writer and essayist associated with the Generation movement

Question 20

Miguel be Unamuno

Answer 20

basque writer best known for his book the tragic sense of life, promoted what Ortega called africanism: the words spanish and european were incombatible and disliked all schemes for the regeneration of his country, director of salamanca school

Question 21

Euskadi

Answer 21

term invented by Luis and Sabino Arana to describe the seven provinces (4 in Spain, three in France) that should comprise a new Basque nation, theoretic state that excluded all non-Catholics

Question 22

alfonso xiii

Answer 22

son of alfonso xii and maria christina, swore to observe constitution but didn’t intend to do so, normally on side of the military, undermined the foundations of the bourbon restoration

Question 23

Miguel primo de rivera

Answer 23

led army uprisng in 1923 and offered his servies to Alfonso xiii, commanded the Barcelona garrison, alfonso asks him to form a gov and named him prime minister, from jerez de la frontera, believed he was the “iron surgeon”, improved spain’s train system and encouraged tourism, issued great proclamations then realized there was no money to pay for them, embraced UGT, downfall came after he disagreed with the army over promotions

Question 24

Federico Garcia lorca

Answer 24

best known writer/poet of 20th century spain, born near granada, explore themes of death, violence, and sex in hostile world

Question 25

luis bunuel

Answer 25

filmaker who collaborated with Dali in projects such as an andalucian dog

Question 26

Salvador dali

Answer 26

catalan, surrealist painter, painted “the great masturbator” and “Sodomy of a skull with a piano”, assaulted conventinal taboos with an almost anarchistic contempt for bourgeois values

Question 27

second republic

Answer 27

thought of by leaders of various anti-alfonso factions during the pact of san sebastian, enacted after alfonso flees after elections of april 1931

Question 28

la nina bonita

Answer 28

what the supporters of the second republic called it bc it was the last great hope for the regeneration of spain

Question 29

manuel azana

Answer 29

leader of the republican action party, minister of war, wanted to trim back military: disbanded some division and offered the officers retirement w full pay, cloed military academy, proponent of article 26, prime minister of popular front

Question 30

article 26

Answer 30

removed catholicism as the official religion, forbade religous orders from teaching, abolished clerical salaries, legalized divorce , and paved the way to disband the jesuits

Question 31

Generalitat

Answer 31

the powerful gov of cat caused by cataluna’s autonomy statute which had its own president, tax system, and flag

Question 32

jose Antonio primo de rivera

Answer 32

leader of falange, called for land reform and socalization of the banks and railways, used the isabel and ferdinand’s yoke and arrows symbol

Question 33

Falange

Answer 33

extremist group, blend of working class sentiment and nationalism, means phalanx, taken from macedonian army that overthrew the republic of Athens

Question 34

Dolores ibarruri

Answer 34

called la pasionaria (the passion flower), communist heroine, regarded as revolutionary saint

Question 35

“the new world will be won only after the last king has been strangled in the guts of the last priest”

Answer 35

Mikhail Bakunin signifies the importance of anarchism

Question 36

“this is my mussolini”

Answer 36

alfonso xiii referring to general primo de rivera signifies how ruthless he thought that rivera was

Question 37

“spain needed an iron surgeon and got a quack dentist instead.”

Answer 37

Unamuno referring to primo de rivera signifies how rivera was committed to improving spain but how his plans frequently fell through

Question 38

paco de lucia

Answer 38

famous flamenco guitarist

Question 39

who is the flamenco the voice of

Answer 39

the repressed people

Question 40

what is the equivalent to the flamenco in america

Answer 40

the blues

Question 41

what is the 20th century marked by

Answer 41

the bolshevik revolution

Question 42

“to win (vencer) is not to convince (convencer) and it is necessary to convince and that cannot be done by the hatred which has no place for compassion”

Answer 42

unamuno