Chapter 9

Question 1

Metacognition

Answer 1

knowledge about our thinking processes.

Thinking about thinking (now that’s meta)

Question 2

Three essential skills for metacognition

Answer 2

planning,monitoring and evaluating.

• How much time do i give this task? Which strategies should I use? How to start?
• How am I doing?
• Should I change my strategies? Get help?

Question 3

When do metacognitive abilities develop?

Answer 3

ages 5-7

differences in metacoginity comes from age and background

Question 4

KWL strategy

Answer 4

what do i KNOW about this subject?
what do i WANT to know?
what have i LEARNED?

Question 5

Effective learning strategies should help students do what? (4 things)

Answer 5

1) focus attention
2) invenst effort
3) process information
4) monitor their understanding

Question 6

production deficiencies

Answer 6

students learn strategies but do not apply them when they could or should.

Question 7

What are the three conditions for applying learning strategies?

Answer 7

• learning tasks must be appropriate
• students must care about learning and understanding
• students must believe the effort and investment required to apply is reasonable

Question 8

schema-driven problem solving

Answer 8

recognizing a problem as a “disguised” version of an old problem for which one already has a solution

Question 9

algorithm

Answer 9

step by step procedure for solving a problem; perscription for solutions

Question 10

Heuristics

Answer 10

general strategy used in attempting to solve problem/ a general strategy that might lead to the right answer

Question 11

analogical thinking

Answer 11

heuristic in which one limits the search for solutions that are similar to the one at hand

Question 12

functionnal fixedness

Answer 12

the ability to miss out on a good solution because you are fixated on conventional ideas

Question 13

response set

Answer 13

rigidity, to respond in the most familiar way

Question 14

representativeness heuristic

Answer 14

judging the likelihood of an event based on how well the events match your prototypes- what you think is representative of the category

Question 15

availability heuristic

Answer 15

judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory, assuming those easily remembered events are common

Question 16

belief perservance

Answer 16

the tendency to hold on to beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence

Question 17

confirmation bias

Answer 17

seeking info that confirms our choices and beliefs, while disconfirming evidence

Question 18

creativity

Answer 18

is the ability to produce work that is original, but appropriate and useful

Question 19

Torrance was the father of _______?

Answer 19

creativity, he developed two types of creativity tests: verbal and graphic

Question 20

divergent thinking

Answer 20

coming up with many possible solutions

Question 21

convergent thinking

Answer 21

Narrowing possibilities to a single answer

Question 22

Three components of creativity

Answer 22

domain-relevant skills, creativity-relevant processes,instrinsic task motivation

Question 23

Do creativity and diversity go hand in hand

Answer 23

yes it’s theorised creativity is influenced by minority status

Question 24

brainstorming

Answer 24

generating ideas without pausing to evaluate them - all things go

Question 25

critical thinking

Answer 25

evaluating conclusions by logically and systematically examining the problem, the evidence and the solution

Question 26

what issue do adolescents experience with argumentation

Answer 26

adolescents think winning an argument means creating a better argument, they don’t appreciate the need to understand and weaken their opponent’s claims

Question 27

proper form of argumentation

Answer 27

taking into account the opponent’s position and create strategies for rebutting the opponent’s arguments.

Question 28

transfer

Answer 28

influence of previously learned material on new material; the productive uses of cognitive tools and motivation.