chapter 11

Question 1

social learning theory

Answer 1

thoery that emphisizes learning through observation of others

Question 2

social cognitive theory

Answer 2

theory that adds concern with cognitive factors such as beliefs, self-perceptions and expectations to social learning theory = emphasis on the role of other people serving as models and teachers= learning by others is key

Question 3

triarchic reciprocal causality

Answer 3

an explanation of behaviour that emphasizes the mutual effects of the individual and the environment on each other

Question 4

four elements of observational learning

Answer 4

• attention : in order to observe and learn you have to pay attention
• retention : To imitate behaviour of a model you have to remember it
• production : need to be able to practice, accept feedback and coaching before mimicking a model’s actions
• motivation and reinforcement : we may have all the tools to complete a task but may still lack motivation

Question 5

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 5

increasing the chances that we will repeat a behaviour by observing another person being reinforced for that behaviour

Question 6

self-reinforcement

Answer 6

controlling your own reinforcers

Question 7

ripple effect

Answer 7

contagious spreading of bhevaiours through imitation

Question 8

self efficacy

Answer 8

a person’s sense of being able to deal effectively with a particular task

Question 9

human agency

Answer 9

the capacity to coordinate learning skills, motivation, and emotions to reach your goals

Question 10

Arousal

Answer 10

physical and psychological reactions causing a person to feel alert excited or tense

Question 11

Vicarious experiences

Answer 11

accomplishments that are modelled by someone else

Question 12

Self-efficacy is increased when students

Answer 12

(a) adopt short term goals
(b) taught to use specific learning strategies
(c) recieve rewards based on achievement

Question 13

self-regulation

Answer 13

process of activating and sustaining thoughts, behaviours, and emotions in order to reach goals

Question 14

to be productive self-regulated learners students needs…

Answer 14

• knowledge about themselves
• the subject
• the task
• the strategies for learning
• context in which they will apply their learning

Question 15

volition

Answer 15

willpower, self-discipline; work styles that protect opportunites to reach goals by applying self regulated learning.

Question 16

co-regulation

Answer 16

a transitional phase during which students gradually appropriate self-regulated learning and skills through modelling, direct teaching, feedback and coaching from teachers, parents or peers

Question 17

shared regulation

Answer 17

students work together to regulate each other through reminders, prompts and other guidance

Question 18

self-regulated learning

Answer 18

a view of learning as skills and will applied to analyzing learning tasks, setting goals and planning how to do the task, applying skills and especially making adjustements about how learning is carried out

Question 19

self regulating learners excercise agency as they engage in four main stages which are?

Answer 19

(1) analyzing the learning task, what information is relevent when facing the task
(2) setting goals and devising plans, knowing conditions that influence work allows students to create better goals
(3) Enacting strategies to accomplish the task, learners consider what they know and what will help them succeed
(4) Regulating learning, metacognitive monitoring and control, which allows students to change any issues

Question 20

Where do children first learn regulation?

Answer 20

In the home, parents can teach and support self-regulated learning through modelling, encouragement,facillation, rewarding of goal setting, good strategy use

Question 21

Cognitive behaviour modification focuses on what

Answer 21

self-talk and self-instruction as tools for regulating your behaviour.