Chapter 10

Question 1

learning sciences

Answer 1

science of learning based on research in psychology, education, computer science… fields that study learninh

Question 2

constructivism

Answer 2

emphasizes the active role of the learner in building, understanding and making sense of information

Question 3

What two ideas do constructivism theories agree on

Answer 3

idea 1 ) learners are active in constructing their own knowledge

idea 2 ) social interactions are important in this knowledge construction process

Question 4

what was piaget’s constructivist perspective

Answer 4

he was less concerned with correct representations and more in the meaning as the individual constructs it
Piaget saw social environment as an important factor in development, but did not believe social interation was the main reason for change

Question 5

first wave constructivism

Answer 5

a focus on the individual and psychological sources of knowing, as in piaget’s theory
(central idea #1)

Question 6

radical constructivism

Answer 6

knowledge is assumed to be the individual’s construction; it cannot be judged right or wrong

Question 7

Vygotsky’s idea on constructivism

Answer 7

emphasized central idea #2; social interactions, cultural tools and activity shape individual’s ideas

Question 8

appropriation

Answer 8

being able to internalize or take for yourself knowledge and skills developped in interaction with others or with cultural tools

Question 9

second wave constructivism

Answer 9

a focus on the social and cultural sources of knowing, as in Vygotsky’s theory

Question 10

Constructionism

Answer 10

All knowledge is socially constructed. How public knowledge in disciplines such as science, math, economics etc are constructed

Question 11

community of practice

Answer 11

social situation or context in which ideas are judged useful or true. (15 century navigation example)

Question 12

situated learning

Answer 12

the idea that skills and knowledge are tied to the situation in which they were learned and that they are difficult to apply in new settings

Question 13

social negotiation

Answer 13

aspect of learning process that relies on collaboration with others and respect for different perspectives

Question 14

intersubjective attitude

Answer 14

a commitment to build shared meaning with others by finding common ground and exchanging interpretations

Question 15

Spiral curriculum

Answer 15

Bruner’s design for teaching that introduces the fundamental structure of all subjects early in the school years, then revisits the subject in more and more complex forms over time

Question 16

cognitive apprenticeship

Answer 16

a relationship in which a less experienced learner learns information and skills under the guidance of an expert

Question 17

reciprocal questionning

Answer 17

students work in pairs or triads to ask and answer questions about lesson material

Question 18

jigsaw classroom

Answer 18

Aronson ; a learning process in which each students is part of a group and each group member is given part of the material to be learned by the whole group. students become “expert” on their piece and then teach it to the others in their group

Question 19

structured controversy

Answer 19

students work in pairs within their four-person cooperative groups to research a particular controversy