Chapter 9 Flashcards
Definition of an Alkane.
A saturated hydrocarbon that has no double bonds between the carbon atoms. They contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in their molecule
Definition of an Alkene.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
What is cracking?
The reaction used in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones. This occurs when the hydrocarbon vapour is either passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heated to a high temperature.
What is incomplete combustion?
When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen producing carbon monoxide and water.
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
Carbon monoxide, carbon particulates (soot) and water
What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide and water
What gas must always be present for combustion to occur?
Oxygen
What is complete combustion?
When a fuel burns in sufficient oxygen..
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon.
What is a homologous series?
A group of related organic compounds that have the same functional group and share similar properties.
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds their characteristic reactions.
What is fractional distillation?
A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures and then condensing and collecting the liquids
What is a fraction?
Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points and therefore similar chain lengths
What is the general formula for an alkene?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for an alkane?
CnH2n+2
What is the formula of ethane?
C2H6
What is the formula of pentene?
C5H10
How many carbons are there in methane?
1 CH4)
How many carbons are there in butane?
4
How is crude oil formed?
- Plants and animals die and fall to the sea bed 2. They are buried in sand 3. They cannot decompose fully because of the lack of oxygen 4. High pressure and heat turned it into crude oil
Is crude oil renewable or non-renewable?
Non-renewable
Which crude oil fractions make better fuels?
The lighter fractions (smaller shorter chain alkanes)because the burn with a cleaner flame and are easier to ignite
