Chapter 9

Question 1

Transactive Memory

Answer 1

the combined memory of 2 people that is more efficient than the memory of either individual

Question 2

Group polarization

Answer 2

the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members (toward greater risk if people’s initial tendency is to be risky and toward greater caution if people’s initial tendency is to be cautious)

Question 3

Great person theory

Answer 3

the idea that certain key persoality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation

Question 4

Contingency theory of leadership

Answer 4

the idea that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task-oriented or relationship-oriented the leader is and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group

Question 5

Glass ceiling

Answer 5

even when women break through the glass ceiling, they are more likely than men to be put in charge of units that are in crisis and in which the risk of failure is high

Question 6

Public goods dilemma

Answer 6

individuals must contribute to a common pool in order to maintain the public good

Question 7

Commons dilemma

Answer 7

everyone takes form a common pool of goods that will replinish itself if used in moderation but will disappear if overused

Question 8

Integrative solution

Answer 8

a solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to it but important to the other side (good divorce)