Chapter 3

Question 1

Social Cognition

Answer 1

ways in which people think about themselves and the social workd, including how they select, interpret, remember, and use social information

Question 2

Priming

Answer 2

The process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema, trait, or concept

Question 3

Accessibility

Answer 3

the extent to which schemas and concepts are at the forefront of the mind and are therefore likely to be used when making judgments about the social world

Question 4

Thoughts have to be both ____ and ____ before they will act as primes, exerting an influence on our impressions of the social world.

Answer 4

accessible and applicable

Question 5

Judgmental Heuristics

Answer 5

mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly and efficiently

Question 6

Availability Heuristic

Answer 6

a mental rule of thumb whereby people base a judgment on the ease with which they can bring something to mind

Question 7

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 7

a mental shortcut we use to classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case (such as how similar ?? is to your conception of Californians)

Question 8

Base Rate Information

Answer 8

information about the relative frequency of members of different categories in the population (e.g. the % of students at NY state univers. who are from NY)

Question 9

Kahneman & Tversky found that people pay most attention to _____ instead of ____ (which means they are usually wrong)

Answer 9

representativeness heuristic instead of base rate information

Question 10

“Barnum Effect”

Answer 10

people believe that personality descriptions describes them well - because the statements are vague enough that virtually everyone can find a past behavior that is similar to the feedback/prediction

Question 11

People who grow up in Western cultures tend to have a(n) ______ thinking style

Answer 11

analytic

Question 12

People who grow up in Eastern cultures tend to have a(n) ______ thinking style

Answer 12

holistic

Question 13

Controlled Thinking

Answer 13

thinking that is conscious, voluntary

Question 14

Counterfactual Thinking

Answer 14

mentally changing some aspect of the past as a way of imagining what might have been

Question 15

When someone is ____, they are less likely to suppress their thoughts

Answer 15

under cognitive load (tired, stressed, etc)

Question 16

Overconfidence barrier

Answer 16

the fact that people usually have too much confidence in the accuracy of their judgments