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intro psychology > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

sir francis Galton

A

earliest attempts to measure intelligence
British mathematician
he had the idea the high intelligence emerged from possessing unusually keen sensory abilities since we must acquire all of our knowledge through sensory experience.

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2
Q

anthropometrics

A

the measurement of people.

methods of measuring physical and mental variation in humans

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3
Q

James mckeen Cattell

A

proved with university students that sir Francis Galton theory was false

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4
Q

intelligence

A

an ability to think, understand, reason, and adapt to or overcome obstacles

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5
Q

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

A

they figured that intelligence was not really a matter of sensory ability
instead they proposed the differences in intelligence should be thought of as reflecting differences in more complexed mental abilities such as memory, attention, and language comprehension

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6
Q

mental age

A

the average intellectual ability score for children of a specific age

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7
Q

Lewis Terman

A

modified Binet’s and Simon’s test, he called it the Standford-Binet’s test succeeded in selling his intelligence test to the US military during WW1 and afterwards to the US public school system to prepare the kids for university.

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8
Q

Standford-binet’s intelligence test

A

a test intended to measure innate levels of intelligence

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9
Q

intelligence quotient (IQ) William Stern

A

a person’s intelligence might be well captured by a single number
equals: mental age/chronological age *100

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10
Q

deviation IQ

A

calculated by comparing the persons test score with the average score for people of the same age. it stops the theory that IQ declines as a person gets older.

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11
Q

social Darwinism

A

the idea of eugenics which means good genes

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12
Q

eugenics was a movement that promoted __

A

preventing people from reproducing if they were deemed to be genetically inferior so as to improve the human gene pool

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13
Q

Terman’s words

A

high grade or borderline deficiency is very common among Spanish-indian and Mexican families of the southwest and also among negroes
their dullness seems to be racial, or at least inherent in the family stocks from which they come

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14
Q

meritocracy

A

people who had the most ability an worked the hardest who relieve the most wealth and power status

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15
Q

the testing situation is inherently culturally-biased because…..

A

members of different ethnic groups vary in how comfortable they are in formal testing situation, with test administrators and in their motivation to perform well

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16
Q

stereotype threat

A

occurs when negative stereotypes about a group cause group members to underperform on ability tests.

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17
Q

incremental theory

A

the belief that a person’s intelligence can be shaped by experiences practise and effort

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18
Q

entity theory

A

the belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult or impossible to change

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19
Q

what is the problem with the Standford-Binet and WAIS intelligence tests

A

the have questions related to culture (culturally biased)

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20
Q

what does the full scale IQ consist of

A
  1. the general ability index (GAI)
    - a measure of performance on verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning tasks
    2) the cognitive proficiency index (CPI)
    - a measure of working memory capacity and processing speed
21
Q

Charles spearman

A

spent a lot of time working with correlations and In the process he developed a technique called factor analysis. believed that some peoples brains are more powerful than others making them have more mental energy

22
Q

factor analysis

A

the value of this technique is that it allows psychologists to figure out whether groups of variables cluster together
usually foot size can be correlated to body size

23
Q

general intelligence factor (g)

A

represented as a persons mental energy reflecting his belief that some peoples brains are simply more powerful than others

24
Q

is g real or can predict anything

A

can predict important phenomena ie) how long you are likely to live.

25
Q

louis Thurstone

A

investigated the concept of g more carefully and identified that it was actually made up of 7 independent clusters of primary mental abilities

26
Q

what are the 7 independent clusters

A
  1. memory
  2. numeric abilities
  3. spatial visualization
  4. perceptual speed
  5. word fluency
  6. verbal comprehension
  7. reasoning
27
Q

fluid intelligence (gf)

A

the ease by which we can learn new information and find solutions to unfamiliar problems

28
Q

crystalized intelligence

A

our ability to use our past experience knowledge we have already acquired to complete tasks

29
Q

Robert sternberg

A

tried to capture forms of intelligence that were different from the ones that promote success in academic settings
- Sternberg’s trrchic theory of intelligence

30
Q

what are the 3 components of Sternberg’s trairachic theory

A
  1. analytic (book smarts)
    - academic type of intelligence that most intelligence tests measure
  2. creative (creativity)
    - flexible problem-solving in the real world beyond the classroom. ex: how to pay bills
  3. practical (street smarts)
    - the ability to solve completely new problems and to generate unique ideas.
    - scientists need to have a high level of practical intelligence
31
Q

Howard Gardner

A

proposed that there are 8 different forms of intelligence each independent from the others.

32
Q

what are 8 unique independent of intelligence

A
  1. verbal
  2. musical/rhythmic
  3. bodily/kinesthetic
  4. intrapersonal - researcher novelist
  5. interpersonal- politician
  6. existentialist
  7. visual/patial
  8. logical/mathematical
33
Q

Gender differences in intelligence

A

overall scores on IQ tests are statistically equal for males and females..
- females score higher on average on verbal measure of intelligence and males score higher on tests of visuospatial abilities.

34
Q

twin and adoption studies

A

IQ scores of identical twins that are raised apart from one another is higher than fraternal twins who are raised together.
- genetic siblings raised together is higher than for adoptive siblings raised together.

35
Q

environmental influences on IQ scores

A

tend to be dominate influence on any trait whenever there is variation in the environments that host our development.

36
Q

behavioral genomics

A

examines how specific genes interact with the environment to influence behaviors including those related to intelligence to genes related to learning and problem solving.

37
Q

gene knockout studies

A

have identified a number of genes related to cognitive abilities in mice.

38
Q

transgenic studies

A

when scientists insert genetic material into an animals genome.

39
Q

how does birth order affect IQ scores

A

the 1st born usually has a higher IQ scores than the kids born after.

40
Q

socioeconomics status and IQ scores

A

children with wealthier families tend to have a higher IQ than those from a poorer families.

41
Q

what is a family’s wealth is positively correlated with

A

the number of books, magazines, and newspapers they own which provide them to explore the outside world of home.

42
Q

how does stress impair mental development and functioning

A
  • stress elevates cortisol levels, which impairs cognitive functioning
  • stress also impairs memory functions at the neurological level
  • stress robs mental resources that are essential for acquiring knowledge and skills in school
43
Q

nootropic substances

A

substances that are believed to beneficially affect intelligence. can increase arousal and alertness. Ritalin and Provigil are used

44
Q

the Flynn effect

A

refers to the steady population level increases in intelligence test scores over time. rise about 1 point every 3 years

45
Q

who has influenced the view of intelligence to this day

A

Alfred binet

46
Q

what is the Wechsler Adult intelligence sale (WAIS)

A

a developed IQ test that was specialized for adults and is still the most common test for adults

47
Q

Ravens progressive matrics

A

an intelligence test that is based on pictures not words thus making it relatively unaffected by language or cultural background.

48
Q

what is idiosyncratic knowledge

A

helps you answer that particular question or the amount of attention available to focus on the question In the moment

intro psychology (9 decks)

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