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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Articulations

A

where 2 bones meet

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2
Q

2 methods to classify articulations

A
  1. Function

2. Structure

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3
Q

Function of articulations

  • definition
  • 3 things
A
  • range of motion
    1. Synarthrosis
      1. Amphiarthrosis
      2. Diarthrosis
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4
Q

Synarthrosis

-4 types

A

No movement

    1. Suture
      1. Gomphosis
      2. Synostosis
      3. Synchondrosis
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5
Q

Amphiarthrosis

  • definition
  • example
  • 2 types
  • how are bones connected
A

Some movement

  • Invertebral joints
    1. syndesmosis
      1. symphysis
  • by collagen fibers or cartilage
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6
Q

Diarthrosis

  • definition
  • location
  • 3 examples
A

Freely movable joints and contain a joint cavity

  • end of long bones
  • Shoulder, coxal and elbow
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7
Q

Structure of articulations

-4

A
  1. bony fusion
  2. Fibrous joint
  3. Cartilaginous joint
  4. Synovial joint
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8
Q

suture

  • structural category
  • description
  • example
A
  • fibrous joint
  • articulating bones joined by a thin layer of dense connective tissue
  • bones of skull
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9
Q

gophmosis

  • structural category
  • what is it known as
  • description
  • example
A
  • fibrous joint
  • peradontal ligament
  • cone shaped peg fits into socket
  • teeth in maxillae and mandable
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10
Q

Synostosis

  • structural category
  • created by what
  • example
A
  • bony fusion
  • created by fusion of 2 bones, boundary between them disappears
  • formation of epiphyseal line
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11
Q

synchondroses

  • structural category
  • description
  • example
A
  • cartilaginous joint (cartilage bridge between 2 joints)
  • connecting material is cartilage
  • connects epiphysis with diaphysis in growing long bone
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12
Q

syndesmosis

  • structural category
  • description
  • example
A
  • fibrous joint
  • articulating bones joined by ligaments (dense connective tissue)
  • radius and ulna
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13
Q

Symphysis

  • structural category
  • description
  • example
A
  • cartilaginous
  • articulating bones joined by fibrocartilage
  • vertebral column
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14
Q

3 characteristics of synovial joints

A
  1. Joint cavity
  2. Articular capsule
  3. Articular cartilage
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15
Q

Joint cavity

A

surrounds joints and is filled with synovial fluid

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16
Q

Articular capsule

  • number of layers
  • 2 characteristics
A
  • 2
    1. outer fibrous articular capsule
      1. inner synovial membrane
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17
Q

Outer fibrous articular capsule

  • function
  • continuous with what
A
  • covers joint

- continuous with periosteum of the bone

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18
Q

Inner synovial membrane

-function

A

produces synovial fluid

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19
Q

Synovial fluid

A

thick fluid rich in proteoglycans

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20
Q

proteogycans

A

lubrication, nutrient distribution and shock absorption

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21
Q

articular cartilage

A

surface is smooth and slick (hyaline)

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22
Q

4 accessory structures of synovial joints

A
  1. Cartilages and fat pads
  2. Accessory ligaments
  3. tendons
  4. bursae
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23
Q

cartilages and fat pads

-2 things

A
  1. meniscus

2. fat pads

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24
Q

meniscus

A

pad of fibrocartilage between bones

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25
Q

fat pads

A

areas of fat covered by synovial membrane

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26
Q

accessory ligaments

  • 3 functions
  • 2 things
A
  • support, strengthen and reinforce joint

- extracapsular and intracapsular

27
Q

extracapsular

A

ligaments located outside joint capsule

28
Q

intracapsular

A

ligaments located inside joint capsule

29
Q

Tendons

  • location
  • provides 2 things
A
  • may pass across or around joint

- stability and support

30
Q

Bursae

  • definition
  • what does it contain
A
  • small fluid filled pockets in connective tissue

- contains synovial fluid and are lined by a synovial membrane

31
Q

dynamic motion-

-5 types

A
  1. initial position
  2. linear motion
  3. angular motion
  4. circumduction
  5. rotation
32
Q

3 possible planes

A
  1. forward and backward]
  2. left to right
  3. rotation
33
Q

4 types of planar motion

A
  1. monoaxial
  2. biaxial
  3. triaxial
  4. nonaxial (multiaxial)
34
Q

Monoaxial

A
  • permits movement in only one axis

- angular movement that is forward and backward OR side to side

35
Q

Biaxial

A
  • permits movement in 2 axes

- Angular movement that is forward and backward AND side to side

36
Q

Triaxial

A

combination of angular movements and rotation

37
Q

Nonaxial

A

Joints that permit only small amounts of movement

-sliding/gliding

38
Q

6 types of synovial joints

A
  1. gliding
  2. hinge
  3. pivot
  4. ellipsodial or condyloid
  5. saddle
  6. ball and socket
39
Q

Gliding

  • structural category
  • type of planar motion
  • 4 examples
A
  • articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved
  • non axial (slipping or gliding movements)
  • ends of clavicles, between carpals, b/n ribs 2-7 and sternum, b/n articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
40
Q

Hinge

  • structural category
  • type of planar motion
  • 4 examples
A
  • C-shaped surface of one bone swings about round surface of another bone
  • monoaxial
  • knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
41
Q

pivot

  • structural category
  • type of planar motion
  • example
A
  • a ring of bones rotates about a process of a bone
  • monoaxial (rotation only)
  • atlas and axis, head of the radius and proximal shaft of the ulna (permits supination and pronation)
42
Q

Ellipsodial or condyloid

  • structural category
  • type of planar motion
  • 3 examples
A
  • a oval condyle of one bone fits into a depression on another bone
  • biaxial
  • radius with proximal carpals, phalanges with metacarpals, phalanges with metatarsals
43
Q

Saddle

  • structural category
  • type of planar motion
  • example
A

-Resembles a saddle (concave in one direction/convex in other)
– Biaxial
-Carpometacarpal joint at base of thumbs (twiddling)

44
Q

Ball and socket

  • Structural category
  • Type of planar motion
  • Two examples
A
  • Ball like head of one bone fits into cup shaped socket of another
  • Triaxial
  • Shoulder and hip
45
Q

Seven types of angular motion

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Hyperextension
  4. Abduction
  5. Adduction
  6. Circumduction
  7. Rotation
46
Q

Flexion

A

Decreased angle between articulating bones in the anterior/posterior plane

47
Q

Extension

A

Increased the angle between articulating bones in the anterior/posterior pplane

48
Q

Hyperextension

A

Continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

49
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

50
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

51
Q

Circumduction

A

Proximal and remain stable and distal and moves in a circle

52
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of the bone around a long axis

53
Q

Inversion

A

Moving sole inward (medially)

54
Q

Eversion

A

Moving sole of foot outward (laterally)

55
Q

Protraction

A

Moving mandible forward

56
Q

Retraction

A

Moving mandible backward

57
Q

Supination

A

Moving forearm to turn the palm anteriorly

58
Q

Pronation

A

Moving forearm to turn palm posteriorly

59
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement (jaw or shoulders)

60
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement (jaw or shoulders)

61
Q

Opposition

A

Moving thumb toward palm

62
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole

63
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Extends ankle joint and elevates the heel

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (17 decks)

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