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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

4 general features of the autonomic system

A
  1. efferent division carries motor info to visceral effectors
  2. integrative center = hypothalamus
  3. Motor neurons of the CNS synapse on visceral motor neurons located in ganglia found in PNS or nuclei in CNS (preganglionic neurons)
  4. Ganglionic neurons control visceral effectors
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2
Q

sympathetic division

-location of cell bodies of preganglionic neurons

A

-spinal segments T1 - L2 (in the lateral gray horn)

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3
Q

location of preganlionic axons

  • what does it travel through
  • can synapse with in what
  • what can occur
A
  • white ramus and into ganglia
  • within ganglia or pass through without synapsing
  • extensive divergence can occur
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4
Q

extensive divergence

A

preganlionic axon synapses on many ganlionic neurons

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5
Q

3 types of ganglia in sympathetic

A
  1. sympathetic chain ganglia
  2. collateral ganglia
  3. adrenal medullae
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6
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia

  • how many
  • targets 4 structures
A
  • one on each side of vertebral column

- body wall, head, neck, or limbs

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7
Q

collateral ganglia

  • 3 parts
  • what does it supply
A
    1. celiac
      1. superior mesenteric
      2. inferior mesenteric
  • supplies abdominopelvic viscera
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8
Q

adrenal medullae

  • where do synapse occur
  • what does it stimulate
A
  • on neuroendocrine cells within adrenal gland

- stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

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9
Q

Post ganglionic axons in sympathetic

  • myelinated or unmyelinated?
  • long or short?
  • what can it form
  • where will many travel
A
  • unmyelinated
  • long
  • bundles = plexus
  • within spinal nerves
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10
Q

effectors of sympathetic nervous system

A

depends on ganglia = variety of visceral effectors

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11
Q

parasympathetic division

-location of cell bodies of preganglionic neurons

A
  • brain stem nuclei of CN III, VII, IX and X

- lateral gray horns of S2 - S4

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12
Q

preganglionic axons of parasympathetic

  • how extensive is divergence
  • most travel where
  • can form what
A
  • not extensive
  • most travel a long distance before synapsing
  • can form bundles = plexus
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13
Q

ganglia of the parasympathetic

  • where are terminal ganglia located
  • intramural ganglion
A

near target organ

-embedded in tissues of target organ

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14
Q

post ganglionic axons of the parasympathetic

  • short or long?
  • myelinated or unmyelinated
  • location
A
  • short
  • unmyelinated
  • located within or next to target organ
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15
Q

effectors of the parasympathetic

  • areas serviced by what cranial nerves
  • affectors are what
A
  • CN III, VII, IX, X

- brief and restricted to specific organs

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16
Q

1 type of parasympathetic division

A

terminal ganglia

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17
Q

terminal ganglia

-4 parts

A
  1. pterygopalatine
  2. ciliary
  3. submandibular
  4. otic
18
Q

autonomic NS receptors

-2 types

A
  1. adrenergic

2. cholinergic

19
Q

adrenergic

A

use norepinephrine and epinephrine as neurotransmitters

  • alpha 1
  • alpha 2
  • beta 1
  • beta 2
20
Q

alpha 1

  • location
  • response
A
  • widespread - in most tissues

- excitatory

21
Q

alpha 2

  • 2 locations
  • response
A
  • at neuromuscular junctions or neuroglandular junctions

- inhibitory

22
Q

beta 1

  • 4 locations
  • response
A
  • heart, kidneys, liver, and adipose tissue

- excitatory

23
Q

beta 2

  • 2 locations
  • response
A
  • smooth and skeletal muscle

- inhibitory

24
Q

cholinergic

  • definition
  • 2 types
A
  • use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter

- nicotinic and muscarinic

25
Q

nicotinic

  • location
  • response
A
  • all autonomic synapses between preganglionic and ganglionic neurons
  • excitatory
26
Q

muscarinic

  • location
  • response
A
  • all parasympathetic and cholinergic sympathetic neuromuscular or neuroglandular synapses
  • variable
27
Q

sympathetic relaying signals

-5 steps

A
  1. preganlionic neuron in CNS
  2. preganlionic fiber in PNS
  3. ganglionic neurons or sympathetic ganglion
  4. if it goes to sympathetic ganglion -> bloodstream; if it goes to ganglionic neuron -> post ganglionic fiber
  5. target which depends on receptor or target organ
28
Q

Parasympathetic relaying signals

-5 steps

A
  1. preganglionic neuron in CNS
  2. Preganlionic fiber in PNS
  3. ganglionic neurons
  4. post ganglionic fiber
  5. target which depends on the receptor or target organ
29
Q

ganglionic neuron can release what 2 things and sometimes

A
  1. norepinephrine
  2. epinephrine
    and sometime acetylcholine
    -excitatory or inhibitory
30
Q

Heart

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • increases HR, BP and force of contraction

- decreases HR, BP and force of contraction

31
Q

smooth muscle : lungs (bronchioles)

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • dilation of airways

- constriction of airways

32
Q

skin: arrector pili
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic

A
  • contraction

- no effect

33
Q

pupil: muscles of the iris
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic

A
  • dilation of pupil

- constriction of pupil

34
Q

blood vessels: skin

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • dilation or constriction

- no effect

35
Q

blood vessels: skeletal muscles

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • dilation

- no effect

36
Q

blood vessels: viscera

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • dilation or constriction

- no effect

37
Q

urinary bladder

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • constriction of internal sphincter and relaxation of urinary bladder
  • relaxation of internal sphincter and tension of urinary bladder
38
Q

digestive system

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • decrease level of activity

- increase level of activity

39
Q

Glands: sweat

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • increase secretion

- no effect

40
Q

Glands: digestive

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • decrease secretion

- increase secretions

41
Q

Glands: adrenal gland

  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
A
  • stimulates secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine

- no effect

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (17 decks)

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