Chapter 16 Flashcards
4 general features of the autonomic system
- efferent division carries motor info to visceral effectors
- integrative center = hypothalamus
- Motor neurons of the CNS synapse on visceral motor neurons located in ganglia found in PNS or nuclei in CNS (preganglionic neurons)
- Ganglionic neurons control visceral effectors
sympathetic division
-location of cell bodies of preganglionic neurons
-spinal segments T1 - L2 (in the lateral gray horn)
location of preganlionic axons
- what does it travel through
- can synapse with in what
- what can occur
- white ramus and into ganglia
- within ganglia or pass through without synapsing
- extensive divergence can occur
extensive divergence
preganlionic axon synapses on many ganlionic neurons
3 types of ganglia in sympathetic
- sympathetic chain ganglia
- collateral ganglia
- adrenal medullae
sympathetic chain ganglia
- how many
- targets 4 structures
- one on each side of vertebral column
- body wall, head, neck, or limbs
collateral ganglia
- 3 parts
- what does it supply
- celiac
- superior mesenteric
- inferior mesenteric
- celiac
- supplies abdominopelvic viscera
adrenal medullae
- where do synapse occur
- what does it stimulate
- on neuroendocrine cells within adrenal gland
- stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Post ganglionic axons in sympathetic
- myelinated or unmyelinated?
- long or short?
- what can it form
- where will many travel
- unmyelinated
- long
- bundles = plexus
- within spinal nerves
effectors of sympathetic nervous system
depends on ganglia = variety of visceral effectors
parasympathetic division
-location of cell bodies of preganglionic neurons
- brain stem nuclei of CN III, VII, IX and X
- lateral gray horns of S2 - S4
preganglionic axons of parasympathetic
- how extensive is divergence
- most travel where
- can form what
- not extensive
- most travel a long distance before synapsing
- can form bundles = plexus
ganglia of the parasympathetic
- where are terminal ganglia located
- intramural ganglion
near target organ
-embedded in tissues of target organ
post ganglionic axons of the parasympathetic
- short or long?
- myelinated or unmyelinated
- location
- short
- unmyelinated
- located within or next to target organ
effectors of the parasympathetic
- areas serviced by what cranial nerves
- affectors are what
- CN III, VII, IX, X
- brief and restricted to specific organs
1 type of parasympathetic division
terminal ganglia
terminal ganglia
-4 parts
- pterygopalatine
- ciliary
- submandibular
- otic
autonomic NS receptors
-2 types
- adrenergic
2. cholinergic
adrenergic
use norepinephrine and epinephrine as neurotransmitters
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- beta 1
- beta 2
alpha 1
- location
- response
- widespread - in most tissues
- excitatory
alpha 2
- 2 locations
- response
- at neuromuscular junctions or neuroglandular junctions
- inhibitory
beta 1
- 4 locations
- response
- heart, kidneys, liver, and adipose tissue
- excitatory
beta 2
- 2 locations
- response
- smooth and skeletal muscle
- inhibitory
cholinergic
- definition
- 2 types
- use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter
- nicotinic and muscarinic
nicotinic
- location
- response
- all autonomic synapses between preganglionic and ganglionic neurons
- excitatory
muscarinic
- location
- response
- all parasympathetic and cholinergic sympathetic neuromuscular or neuroglandular synapses
- variable
sympathetic relaying signals
-5 steps
- preganlionic neuron in CNS
- preganlionic fiber in PNS
- ganglionic neurons or sympathetic ganglion
- if it goes to sympathetic ganglion -> bloodstream; if it goes to ganglionic neuron -> post ganglionic fiber
- target which depends on receptor or target organ
Parasympathetic relaying signals
-5 steps
- preganglionic neuron in CNS
- Preganlionic fiber in PNS
- ganglionic neurons
- post ganglionic fiber
- target which depends on the receptor or target organ
ganglionic neuron can release what 2 things and sometimes
- norepinephrine
- epinephrine
and sometime acetylcholine
-excitatory or inhibitory
Heart
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- increases HR, BP and force of contraction
- decreases HR, BP and force of contraction
smooth muscle : lungs (bronchioles)
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- dilation of airways
- constriction of airways
skin: arrector pili
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- contraction
- no effect
pupil: muscles of the iris
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- dilation of pupil
- constriction of pupil
blood vessels: skin
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- dilation or constriction
- no effect
blood vessels: skeletal muscles
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- dilation
- no effect
blood vessels: viscera
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- dilation or constriction
- no effect
urinary bladder
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- constriction of internal sphincter and relaxation of urinary bladder
- relaxation of internal sphincter and tension of urinary bladder
digestive system
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- decrease level of activity
- increase level of activity
Glands: sweat
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- increase secretion
- no effect
Glands: digestive
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- decrease secretion
- increase secretions
Glands: adrenal gland
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- stimulates secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine
- no effect
