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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

bones of the extremities and shoulder and pelvic girdles

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2
Q

Pectoral Girdle

  • definition
  • 2 parts
A
  • (shoulder) attaches bones of the upper extremities to the axial skeleton
    1. Clavicle
      1. Scapula
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3
Q

Clavicle

  • Number of bones
  • description
  • 2 articulations
A
  • 2
  • collarbone, slender S-shaped bone
    1. Sternoclavicular joint
      1. Acromioclavicular joint
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4
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Clavicle articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum

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5
Q

Acromioclavicular joint of the clavicle

A

clavicle articulates laterally with the acromion process of scapula

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6
Q

Scapula

  • number of bones
  • description
  • 5 special features
  • 2 articulations
A
  • 2
  • shoulder blade; flat triangular bone in dorsal thorax
    1. Borders
      1. Spine
      2. Acromion process
      3. coracoid process
      4. Glenoid cavity
    1. Acromioclavicular joint
      1. Shoulder joint
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7
Q

Borders of the scapula

A
  • superior
  • medial (vertebral)
  • lateral (axillary)
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8
Q

Spine of the scapula

A

Sharp diagonal ridge on posterior surface

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9
Q

Acromion process

A

Expanded process at lateral end of spine

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10
Q

Coracoid process

A

Hook-like process on lateral end of superior border

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11
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

Depression below acromion (arm socket)

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12
Q

Upper extremity

A
  • Humerus
  • ulna
  • radius
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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13
Q

Humerus

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 2

- long bone of upper arm

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14
Q

Proximal features of the humerus

-4

A
  1. Head
  2. Greater tubercle
  3. Lesser tubercle
  4. Deltoid tuberosity
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15
Q

Head of the humerus

A

rounded enlargement at proximal end

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16
Q

Greater tubercle of the humerus

A

lateral projection distal to head

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17
Q

lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

projection on anterior surface

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18
Q

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A

roughened area along middle of shaft

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19
Q

Distal features of the humerus

-5

A
  1. Medial and lateral epicondyles
  2. capitulum
  3. Trochelea
  4. Coronoid fossa
  5. Olecranon fossa
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20
Q

Medial and lateral epicondyles

A

Rough projections on either side

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21
Q

Capitulum

A

rounded knob below lateral epicondyle on anterior surface

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22
Q

Trochelea

A

pulley-like process on anterior surface

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23
Q

Coronoid fossa

A

Depression on anterior surface above trochelea

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24
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

depression on posterior surface above trochelea

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25
Q

Proximal articulation of humerus

A

humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

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26
Q

Distal articulation of humerus

  • capitulum
  • trochelea
A
  • capitulum of humerus articulates with head of radius

- trochelea of humerus articulates with ulna

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27
Q

Ulna

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 2

- medial bone of forearm

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28
Q

Proximal features of the ulna

-3

A
  1. olecranon process
  2. Coronoid process
  3. Radial notch
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29
Q

Olecranon process

A

Superior process that forms point of elbow

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30
Q

Coronoid process

A

Anterior projection

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31
Q

Radial notch

A

Lateral depression

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32
Q

Distal features of the ulna

-2

A
  1. head

2. Styloid process

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33
Q

Styloid process of the ulna

A

short pointed process

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34
Q

Proximal articulation of the ulna

A

coronoid process and olecranon process articulate with the trochelea of humerus

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35
Q

Distal articulation of the ulna

A

ulna articulates with the carpals

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36
Q

Radius

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 2

- small lateral bone of the forearm

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37
Q

Proximal features of the radius

A

Head

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38
Q

Head of the radius

A

Flat, disc shaped process

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39
Q

Distal features of the radius

A

Styloid process

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40
Q

Styloid process of the radius

A

Pointed lateral projection

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41
Q

Proximal articulation of the radius

A
  • head of radius articulates with capitulum of humerus

- head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna

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42
Q

Distal articulation of the radius

A

Radius articulates with carpals

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43
Q

Carpals

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 16 (8 on each hand)

- 2 rows of 4 bones each (wrist)

44
Q

Proximal articulation of the carpals

A

Carpals articulate with the radius and ulna

45
Q

Distal articulation of the carpals

A

Carpals articulate with metacarpals

46
Q

Meta carpals

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 10

- long bones forming palm

47
Q

Proximal articulation of the metacarpals

A

Metacarpals articulate with carpals

48
Q

Distal articulation of the metacarpals

A

articulates with proximal phalanges of fingers

49
Q

Phalanges

  • number of bones
  • description
  • proximal articulation
A
  • 28
  • bones of the fingers; 3 per finger and 2 per thumb
  • Proximal phalanges of fingers articulate with metacarpals
50
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Attach bones of lower extremities to the axial skeleton

51
Q

Hip bone

  • number of bones
  • description
  • fusion of what 3 bones
  • 2 special features
A
  • 2
  • hip bones
  • illium, ishium, and pubis
  • Acetabulum and obturator foramen
52
Q

Illium

A

flat flaring superior region

53
Q

Ishium

A

lower posterior portion

54
Q

Pubis

A

Medial anterior portion

55
Q

Acetabulum

A
  • hip socket

- depression where illium, ishium and pubic bone have fused

56
Q

Obturator foramen

A
  • large hole

- covered by fibrous membrane in body

57
Q

Anterior articulation of the hip bone

A

Pubic symphysis

58
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

anterior joint between pubic bones

59
Q

Posterior articulation of the hip bone

A

Sacroiliac joint

60
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

ilia articulate posterior with the sacrum

61
Q

Lateral articulation of the hip bone

A

Hip joint

62
Q

hip joint

A

Acetabulum of hip bone articulates with the head of the femur

63
Q

Pelis

A

Basin-like structure formed by the union of the hip bones with the sacrum and coccyx

64
Q

Male pelvis

A
  • increased curvature of sacrum and coccyx = makes pelvic outlet smaller
  • less than 90
65
Q

Female pelvis

A
  • enlarged pelvic outlet ilia project more laterally

- greater than 100

66
Q

Lower extremity

-7

A
  1. femur
  2. patella
  3. tibia
  4. fibula
  5. tarsals
  6. metatarsals
  7. phalanges
67
Q

Femur

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 2

- thigh bone

68
Q

Proximal features of the femur

-6

A
  1. Head
  2. Fovea Capitis
  3. neck
  4. Greater trochanter
  5. lesser trochanter
  6. Linea Aspera
69
Q

Head of the femur

A

Rounded upper end

70
Q

Fovea Capitis

A

small pit in head

71
Q

Greater trochanter

A

large process lateral to head

72
Q

Lesser trochanter

A

small process medial to head

73
Q

Linea aspera

A

Sharp ridge on posterior surface

74
Q

Distal features of the femur

-1

A

medial and lateral condyles

75
Q

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur

A

expanded processes

76
Q

Proximal articulations of the femur

A

head of femur articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone

77
Q

Distal articulations of the femur

A
  • medial and lateral condyles of femur articulate with tibia

- medial and lateral condyles articulate with posterior surface of patella

78
Q

Patella

  • number of bones
  • definition
  • shape
  • type of bone
  • articulation
A
  • 2
  • knee cap
  • small triangular bone
  • a sesmoid bone embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle group
  • articulates with medial and lateral condyles of the femur
79
Q

Tibia

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 2

- shinbone, large medial bone of leg

80
Q

Proximal feature of the tibia

-3

A
  1. Medial and lateral condyles
  2. tibial tuberosity
  3. anterior crest
81
Q

Medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

A

Large bulging processes at proximal end

82
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A

rough region between medial and lateral condyles

83
Q

Anterior crest of tibia

A

sharp vertical ridge on anterior surface

84
Q

Distal feature of the tibia

A

Medial malleolus

85
Q

Medial Malleolus of the tibia

A

sharp medial process

86
Q

Proximal articulation of the tibia

A
  • Medial and lateral condyles srticulate with medial and lateral condyles of the femur
  • tibia articulates with fibula
87
Q

Distal articulation of the tibia

A
  • tibia articulates with the fibula

- tibia articulates with tarsal bone

88
Q

Fibula

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 2

- thin lateral bone of lower leg

89
Q

Proximal features of the fibula

A

Head

90
Q

Distal features of the fibula

A

Lateral malleolus

91
Q

Proximal articulation of the fibula

A

Head of the fibula articulates with later condyle of tibia below the knee

92
Q

Distal articulation of the fibula

A
  • Lateral malleolus of ibula articulates with talus (tarsal)

- fibula articulates with tibia

93
Q

Tarsals

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 14

- ankle bones

94
Q

2 ankle bones

A
  1. talus

2. Calcaneous

95
Q

Talus

A

superior bone

96
Q

Calcaneous

A

heel bone

97
Q

Proximal articulation of the tarsals

A

talus articulates with the tibia and fibula

98
Q

Distal articulation of the tarsals

A

tarsals articulate with the metatarsals

99
Q

Metatarsals

  • number of bones
  • description
A
  • 10

- instep; long bone of foot

100
Q

Proximal articulation of the metatarsals

A

metatarsals articulate with tarsals

101
Q

Distal articulation of the metatarsals

A

metatarsals articulate with phalanges

102
Q

Phalanges

  • number of bones
  • description
  • proximal articulation
A
  • 28
  • toe bones; 2 per big toe and 3 per other toes
  • phalanges articulate with proximal metatarsals
103
Q

Arches of foot

  • how many arches
  • what are they held by
A
  • 2

- tendon and ligament

104
Q

2 types of arches in foot

A
  1. Longitudinal

2. Transverse

105
Q

Longitudinal arch

A

From calcaneous to distal end of metatarsals

106
Q

Transverse arch

A

Follows joints between tarsals and metatarsals

107
Q

What purpose do the arches of the foot serve?

-3 functions

A
  1. Shock absorption
  2. Balance
  3. Transfer of weight when walking

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (17 decks)

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