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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

used to describe sensitivity to:

-5 things

A
  1. temp
  2. pain
  3. pressure
  4. vibration
  5. proprioception
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2
Q

4 basic types of receptors

A
  1. nocicpetors
  2. thermoreceptors
  3. mechanoreceptors
  4. chemoreceptors
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3
Q

nocicpetors

  • definition
  • where are they found
  • difficulty in what
A
  • pain receptors
  • everywhere
  • hard to pin point exactly where stimulus is because there are large receptive fields
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4
Q

thermoreceptors

  • definition
  • where are free nerve ending found
A
  • temperature receptors

- found in dermis, skeletal muscles, liver, and hypothalamus

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5
Q

mechanoreceptors

  • when does stimulus occur
  • 3 types
A

-occurs when plasma membrane is distorted
-1. tactile receptors
2, baroreceptors
3. proprioceptors

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6
Q

tactile receptors

  • definition
  • where are they found
  • how sensitive?
  • how large are receptive fields
A
  • touch, pressure and vibration
  • in skin
  • very sensitive
  • narrow
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7
Q

baroreceptors

  • definition
  • found where
A
  • pressure changes

- blood vessels. lungs, digestive, reproduction and urinary tracts

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8
Q

proprioceptors

  • definition
  • tension in
  • state of
A

position of joints

  • tension in tendons and ligaments
  • state of muscular contractions
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9
Q

chemoreceptors

  • definition
  • ex
A

detects changes in concentration of particular chemicals or compounds
-O2, pH

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10
Q

3 general considerations of sensory pathways

A
  1. decussation
  2. relay
  3. symmetry
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11
Q

decussation

A

most pathways cross over

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12
Q

relay

A

most pathways have 2 or more neurons relaying the signal

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13
Q

symmetry

A

all pathways are paired symmetrically

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14
Q

sensory pathway

-5 steps

A
  1. neuron in primary sensory area (post central gyrus)
  2. third order neuron (thalamus)
  3. second order neuron (interneuron in the spinal cord or brain)
  4. first order neuron
  5. detected by receptor
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15
Q

what happens in between the third order neuron and the second order neuron

A

it crosses from left to right

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16
Q

where is the first order neuron located

A

the cell body of this sensory neuron is in the dorsal root ganglion

17
Q

posterior column pathway

A

carries sensations of highly localized touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception

18
Q

anterior spinothalamic pathway

A

carries sensations of poorly localized touch and pressure

19
Q

lateral spinothalamic pathway

A

carries poorly localized sensation of pain and temp

20
Q

what happens to the ____ in the posterior column pathway?

  • 1st order neuron
  • 2nd order neuron
  • 3rd order neuron
A
  • Ascends through posterior column and synapse in medulla
  • ascends through medulla, crosses over and synapses thalamus
  • travels to postcentral gyrus
21
Q

what happens to the ____ in the anterior spinothalamic pathway?

  • 1st order neuron
  • 2nd order neuron
  • 3rd order neuron
A
  • synapses within the posterior gray horn
  • crosses over and ascends through anterior column to synapse in thalamus
  • travels to post central gyrus
22
Q

what happens to ____ in the lateral spinothalamic pathway?

  • 1st order neuron
  • 2nd order neuron
  • 3rd order neuron
A
  • synapses within the posterior gray horn
  • crosses over and ascends through lateral columns to synapse in thalamus
  • travels to post central gyrus
23
Q

2 types of pain

A
  1. somatic

2. visceral

24
Q

somatic pain

A

pain associated with muscles and skin

25
Q

visceral

  • what is pain associated with
  • highly or poorly localized?
  • referred pain
  • cause
A
  • organs
  • poorly localized
  • may be felt in areas not commonly associated with that organ
  • multiple sensory neurons converge on a single ascending tract
26
Q

what does this mean:

-multiple sensory neurons converge on a single ascending tract

A

brain is unable to distinguish visceral signal from somatic signal

27
Q

descending tracts

-2 types of neurons

A
  1. upper motor neuron

2. lower motor neuron

28
Q

upper motor neuron

A

pyramidal cells of primary motor cortex

29
Q

lower motor neuron

  • definition
  • what does it trigger
A

cell bodies are located in motor nucleus of brain stem or spinal cord
-muscle contraction

30
Q

extrapyramidal system

A

additional centers in cerebrum, diencephalon and brain stem that issue somatic motor commands at subconscious level

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (17 decks)

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