Chapter 9 Flashcards
hemostasis
-arrest of bleeding caused by activation of the blood coagulation mechanism
petechiae
- small red or red-blue spots about 1-5 mm
- pinpoint-sized hemorrhages of small capillaries in skin or mucous membranes
hemophilia A
- classic hemophilia
- factor VIII (antihemophilic factor)
hemophilia B
-Christmas disease factor IX (Christmas factor)
von Willebrand disease
- von Willebrand factor
- large protein molecule produced by endothelial cells required for platelets to adhere to vessel wall at site of injury
- forms a complex with factor VIII and maintains normal level of factor VIII
thrombus
- an intravascular clot
- can occur in any vessel or within the heart
embolus
- a detached clot carried into pulmonary or systematic circulation
- plugs vessel of smaller caliber than diameter of clot, blocking blood flow and causing necrosis
embolism
-from blood clots, fat, air, amniotic fluid, and foreign particles
septic embolism
- thrombi form in pelvic vein
- bacteria invades thrombi
- emboli from infected thrombus travel to lungs, causing pulmonary infarct
- bacteria in clot invade pulmonary infarct, causing lung abscess
pulmonary embolism
- clinical manifestations depend on size of embolus and where it lodges in the pulmonary artery
- cyanosis and shortness of breath due to inadequate oxygenation of blood
arterial thrombosis
-main cause: injury to vessel wall from arteriosclerosis, causing ulceration, roughening of arterial with thrombi formation
edema
-accumulation of fluid in interstitial tissues, first noted in ankle and legs
ascites
-fluid accumulates in peritoneal cavity
capillary hydrostatic pressure
-force pushing fluid from capillaries into extracellular space
osmotic pressure
water-attracting property of a solution
-exerted by proteins in the blood that attract fluid from interstitial space back into the capillaries
