Chapter 4

Question 1

humoral immunity

Answer 1

• production of antibodies

- main defense against bacteria and bacterial toxins

Question 2

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 2

• formation of a population of lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material
• main defense again viruses, fungi, parasites, and some bacteria
• mechanism by which body rejects transplants
• eliminates abnormal cell division

Question 3

t lymphocyte

Answer 3

• thymus-dependent
• precursor cells that migrated from the marrow to the thymus
• proliferate to form a diverse population of cells that regulate the immune response and generate a cell-mediated immune reaction to eliminate antigen

Question 4

b lymphocyte

Answer 4

• bone marrow
• precursor cells that remained within the bone marrow
• proliferate and mature into antibody-forming plasma cells

Question 5

cause of events triggered by foreign antigen

Answer 5

• recognition of foreign antigen
• proliferation of lymphocytes that are programmed to respond to the antigen form a large group of cells
• destruction of foreign antigen by the responding lymphocytes

Question 6

regulator t cells

Answer 6

• helper t cells that regulate immune system by establishing a balance between promoting and inhibiting the immune response
• in AIDS the virus attacks and destroys helper t lymphocytes

Question 7

effector t cells

Answer 7

-involved in delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Question 8

Ig G

Answer 8

• smaller antibody
• principle antibody molecule in response to majority of infectious agents
• produced after Ig M
• if increased in blood test, means infection is reoccurring

Question 9

Ig A

Answer 9

• GI tract
• produced by antibody-forming cells located in the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa
• combines with harmful ingested or inhaled antigens, forming antigen-antibody complexes that cannot be absorbed, preventing antigens from inducing sensitization

Question 10

Ig M

Answer 10

• large antibody

- very efficient combining with fungi

Question 11

Ig E

Answer 11

• allergic reactions

- found in minutes quantities in blood

Question 12

anaphylactic

Answer 12

• sensitizing antigen circulates throughout the body, triggers widespread mediator release from Ig-coated mast cells and basophils
• may lead to anaphylaxis
• prompt treatment required with epinephrine