Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
lysosomes
A
- “digestive system” of cell
- cytoplasmic vacuoles with digestive enzymes
- digestion occurs within phagocytic vacuole to prevent leakage of enzymes
2
Q
epithelium
A
- covers exterior of the body
- lines interior of body surfaces communicating with the outside: GI tract, urinary tract, and vagina
- contains no blood vessels but nourished by diffusion
- Functions: protect, absorb, and secrete: mucus, sweat, oil, enzymes, hormones
3
Q
simple squamous
A
one layer thick
4
Q
cuboidal
A
-looks like cubes
5
Q
columnar
A
-looks like organized columns
6
Q
pseudostratified columnar
A
- has many different layers with cilia at the top
- trachea
7
Q
transitional
A
- many layers
- must be able to expand
- bladder
8
Q
stratified squamous
A
- many stratified layers
- top cell is very flat
- for areas of wear and tear
- vagina, mouth, esophagus, rectum
9
Q
atrophy
A
-reduction in cell size in response to: diminished function, inadequate hormonal stimulation, reduced blood supply
10
Q
hypertrophy
A
- increase in cell size without increase in cell number
- muscles of weight lifter
- heart of a person with high blood pressure
11
Q
hyperplasia
A
-increase in cell size and cell number
12
Q
Mitosis
A
- characteristic of somatic cells
- no reduction in chromosomes
- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
13
Q
Meiosis
A
- characteristic of germ cells
- intermixing of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
- chromosomes reduced by half
- two separate divisions
