Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology Semester 1 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The following describes what phase in HIV

  • Early stages of HIV-1.
  • Acute viral infections without opportunistic infections.
  • CD-4 T cell count continues to drop.
  • Viral products released sporadically.
  • May last 10 years.
A

Intermittent phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two phases of type I mediated reactions

A

•Early phase:
•Immediate response.

•Late phase:
•Several hours later symptoms exacerbate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The following describes what phase in HIV

  • CD4/CD8 ratio < 0.9.
  • May be seronegative due to deficient immune system.
  • B cell # are normal.
  • CD-4 T cell count <200/mm3.
  • Viral products released in blood.
A

AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The following discribes what?

•Destruction of a target cell through the action of antibody against antigen on plasma membrane.
•Expressed on plasma membrane of specific cells.
•IgM or IgG activates complement system.
•Attract natural killer cells (NK cells).
Antibody binds to target cell, altering receptors

A

Type II tissue specific reactions

example is blood type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can deficiencies in pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, folic acid, vitamin A and E cause

A

•Severe depression in both B and T cell function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The following discribe what type of hypersensitivity?

  • Involves lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes.
  • Mediated by specifically sensitized T cells.
  • Does not involve antibodies.
  • Involve Tc or Td cells.
  • Tc cells directly destroy target cells.
  • Td cells secrete lymphokines.
A

Type IV Cell-Mediated Tissue Destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the GP 41 do

A

Unzips and zips back up

This brings the virus in close enough to be in contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can zinc deficiency cause

A
  • Profoundly depresses both T and B cell function.
  • Zinc required as cofactor.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which receptors are on the the HIV-1 virus

A

GP 120

GP41

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a classic example of Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Poisn Ivy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the major co-receptors for HIV

A
  • CCR5:
  • Expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4 T cells.
  • CXCR4:
  • Expressed on activated T cells.
  • Brings HIV-1 closer to host’s plasma membrane.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the following etiology describe?

  • MHC expression.
  • Complement protein deficiency.
  • Endocrine factors.
A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is an autoimmune responce usually generated by B Cells or by T Cells?

A

T Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of cells become autoreactive with SLE

A

CD4 T Cells and also affects B Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Hypogammaglobulinemia / Agammaglobulinemia

A

X-Linked

Immunoglobulins are very low / completly absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the following

  • IgG and IgM.
  • Caused by antigen-antibody complexes formed in circulation.
  • Antigen is soluble, released into blood or body fluids.
  • Not organ specific.
  • Deposited in cell wall.
  • Complement activation.
  • Chemotactic for neutrophils.
  • Lysosomal enzyme release.
A

Type III Immune-Complex Mediated Injury

17
Q

What does the following describe?

  • Transient neonatal diseases:
  • Fetus is hybrid between father and mother.
  • Fetal antigens may transfer across placenta to mother.
  • Mother may produce IgG autoantibody.
  • Affects both fetus and mother (type II reaction).
  • Transplant rejections and transfusion reactions.
  • Both T and B cell reactions can occur.
A

Alloimmunity

18
Q

The following clinical manifestatis are describing which phase in the HIV / AIDS disease

  • Opportunistic infections (Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia).
  • Atypical malignancies (Kaposi sarcoma).
  • Persistent lymphadenopathy.
  • Weight loss.
  • Recurrent fevers.
  • AIDS dementia complex.
A

•Seropositive for AIDS:

19
Q

How many copies of each viron is contained in HIV retroviurs

A

2 copies of RNA

20
Q

What is the hallmark f primary immune deficiences?

A

Re-occurant sever infections

21
Q

Name the 3 genes encoded on HIV-1

A

•Gag:
•Structural proteins of the viral core.
•Pol:
•Viral envelope glycoproteins.
•Env:
Viral envelope glycoproteins.

22
Q

Which type of hypersenitivity does not involve antibodies

A

Type IV Cell-Mediated Tissue Destruction

23
Q

The following clinical maifestations describe what?

  • Arthralgias, arthritis, vasculitis, butterfly rash, renal disease, hematological abnormalities, cardiovascular disease.
  • Exacerbations and remissions.
A

SLE

24
Q

What does the following describe?

  • May resemble antibody deficiencies
  • C3 deficiency most severe
  • Unites all three pathways
  • MBL deficiency
  • Properdin deficiency
A

Complement deficiences

25
Q

What isthe primary mechanism of control in type I mediated reaction?

A

ANS

Releases mediators (NE and Epi)

26
Q

What is a common example of Type II tissue specific reactions?

A

Blood types

27
Q

What are the major cells involved in type I mediated reaction

A

Mast cells - which express receptors for IgE

eosinophils

28
Q

Which phase of HIV does the following discribe

  • Symptoms of acute viral infection.
  • CD-4 T cell count normal.
  • Serologically negative.
  • Infectious to others in 2 weeks.
A

Acute infection

29
Q

What is a type I mediated reaction

A

In type 1 hypersensitivity, an antigen is presented to CD4+ Th2 cells specific to the antigen that stimulate B-cell** production of **IgE** antibodies also specific to the antigen. The difference between a normal infectious immune response and a type 1 hypersensitivity response is that in **type 1 hypersensitivity the antibody is IgE instead of IgA, IgG, or IgM.

30
Q

The following clinical manifestatis are describing which phase in the HIV / AIDS disease

  • Mild symptoms.
  • Night sweats, swollen lymph glands, diarrhea, fatigue.
A

Asymptomatic phase

31
Q

What is sequestered immunologically privileged sites?

A

Self antigen never encounter antigen processing cells

An example would be post vasectomy patients

32
Q

As we age what happeneds to T Cells and why

A

become deficient

because the thymus shrinks and t cells can no longer divide (telomere shortining)

33
Q

What are the 3 types of hypersensitivity

A

Allergy

Autoimmunity

Alloimmunity (like reject of a transplant)

34
Q

The following describes what phase in HIV

  • Seropositive for multiple antibodies against HIV-1.
  • Slight, chronic lymphadenopathy.
  • Virus replicating:
  • Viral products released sporadically.
  • CD-4 T cell count decreasing.
A

Asymptomatic / subclinical

35
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with SLE

A

Type III - Can go to any organ

36
Q

How many of the diagnositc characteristics must be there to make the diagnosis of SLE

A

4 of 11

37
Q

What recepotor does the GP 120 of HIV have a high affinity for

A

CD4

Pathophysiology Semester 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions