Chapter 9 Flashcards
The following describes what phase in HIV
- Early stages of HIV-1.
- Acute viral infections without opportunistic infections.
- CD-4 T cell count continues to drop.
- Viral products released sporadically.
- May last 10 years.
Intermittent phase
What are the two phases of type I mediated reactions
•Early phase:
•Immediate response.
•Late phase:
•Several hours later symptoms exacerbate.
The following describes what phase in HIV
- CD4/CD8 ratio < 0.9.
- May be seronegative due to deficient immune system.
- B cell # are normal.
- CD-4 T cell count <200/mm3.
- Viral products released in blood.
AIDS
The following discribes what?
•Destruction of a target cell through the action of antibody against antigen on plasma membrane.
•Expressed on plasma membrane of specific cells.
•IgM or IgG activates complement system.
•Attract natural killer cells (NK cells).
Antibody binds to target cell, altering receptors
Type II tissue specific reactions
example is blood type
what can deficiencies in pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, folic acid, vitamin A and E cause
•Severe depression in both B and T cell function.
The following discribe what type of hypersensitivity?
- Involves lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes.
- Mediated by specifically sensitized T cells.
- Does not involve antibodies.
- Involve Tc or Td cells.
- Tc cells directly destroy target cells.
- Td cells secrete lymphokines.
Type IV Cell-Mediated Tissue Destruction
What does the GP 41 do
Unzips and zips back up
This brings the virus in close enough to be in contact
What can zinc deficiency cause
- Profoundly depresses both T and B cell function.
- Zinc required as cofactor.
Which receptors are on the the HIV-1 virus
GP 120
GP41
What is a classic example of Type IV hypersensitivity?
Poisn Ivy
What are the major co-receptors for HIV
- CCR5:
- Expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4 T cells.
- CXCR4:
- Expressed on activated T cells.
- Brings HIV-1 closer to host’s plasma membrane.
What does the following etiology describe?
- MHC expression.
- Complement protein deficiency.
- Endocrine factors.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
is an autoimmune responce usually generated by B Cells or by T Cells?
T Cells
what type of cells become autoreactive with SLE
CD4 T Cells and also affects B Cells
What is Hypogammaglobulinemia / Agammaglobulinemia
X-Linked
Immunoglobulins are very low / completly absent
Name the following
- IgG and IgM.
- Caused by antigen-antibody complexes formed in circulation.
- Antigen is soluble, released into blood or body fluids.
- Not organ specific.
- Deposited in cell wall.
- Complement activation.
- Chemotactic for neutrophils.
- Lysosomal enzyme release.
Type III Immune-Complex Mediated Injury
What does the following describe?
- Transient neonatal diseases:
- Fetus is hybrid between father and mother.
- Fetal antigens may transfer across placenta to mother.
- Mother may produce IgG autoantibody.
- Affects both fetus and mother (type II reaction).
- Transplant rejections and transfusion reactions.
- Both T and B cell reactions can occur.
Alloimmunity
The following clinical manifestatis are describing which phase in the HIV / AIDS disease
- Opportunistic infections (Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia).
- Atypical malignancies (Kaposi sarcoma).
- Persistent lymphadenopathy.
- Weight loss.
- Recurrent fevers.
- AIDS dementia complex.
•Seropositive for AIDS:
How many copies of each viron is contained in HIV retroviurs
2 copies of RNA
What is the hallmark f primary immune deficiences?
Re-occurant sever infections
Name the 3 genes encoded on HIV-1
•Gag:
•Structural proteins of the viral core.
•Pol:
•Viral envelope glycoproteins.
•Env:
Viral envelope glycoproteins.
Which type of hypersenitivity does not involve antibodies
Type IV Cell-Mediated Tissue Destruction
The following clinical maifestations describe what?
- Arthralgias, arthritis, vasculitis, butterfly rash, renal disease, hematological abnormalities, cardiovascular disease.
- Exacerbations and remissions.
SLE
What does the following describe?
- May resemble antibody deficiencies
- C3 deficiency most severe
- Unites all three pathways
- MBL deficiency
- Properdin deficiency
Complement deficiences
