Chapter 12 Flashcards
What does oral contraceptives decrease your risk of cancer in?
Increase your risk of cancer in?
Reduces colorectal and ovarian, endometrial cancers. •
Increase breast cancer.
What does the following discribe?
- One gene or a small number of genes that can control the other genes.
- Control genes implicated in cancer:
- Signal transduction.
- Cell cycle control.
- DNA repair.
- Cell growth and differentiation.
- Transcriptional regulation.
- Senescence.
- Apoptosis.
Social control genes
What are the following?
Growth signals.
Insensitivity to antigrowth signals.
Evade apoptosis.
Limitless replicative potential.
Sustained angiogenesis.
Tissue invasion and metastasis.
6 hallmarks of cancer
how many hits does it take to suppress tumor suppressor genes?
Takes 2 hits (one from each parent) to inactivate both copies of a tumor suppressor gene.
- Both copies (alleles) of the gene must be inactivated.
- Recessive trait.
How do cancer cells alter membrane transport or permeability
Loss of fibronectin.
Decreased cellular communication
Pre-invasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin localized in epithelium are called what?
Carcinoma in situ CIS
What does the herpes virus lead to?
Kaposi Sarcoma
What is the most common cause of bacterial cancer cause?
Helicobacter pylori
The following definition describes what
specific abnormality of chromosome 22, which is unusually short, as an acquired abnormality that is most commonly associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, which is specifically designated
•Philadelphia chromosome:
What do RNA viruses lead to?
Human T-cell leukemia virus: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
What are the stages of Interphase?
What is next in cell cycle after interphase?
- G1: Prepares for DNA synthesis.
- S: DNA synthesis.
- G2: RNA and protein synthesis.
Next is MITOSES (actual division)
What is RAS gene
RAS is a signaling molucle for growth
It can get stuck “on” which would accelerate growth
How do cancer cells alter receptor density or configuration of cell surface
Decrease responsiveness to growth factors
Cancer arising from epithelial tissue are called?
carcinoma
The following describe what?
Encode for proteins that act as negative transducers of growth factor stimulation.
Block specific phases of the cell cycle.
Induce end-stage differentiation and senescence( deterioration with age)
Tumor suppressor genes
What happends with carcinogenesis involving tumor suppressor genes
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
• Activation of oncogenes.
The following are describing what?
Impairs immune system.
Synergistic interactions between ERT and HRT
Interferes with cell membrane permeability in breast tissue.
Activates insulin-like growth factor receptors.
mechanisms for alcohol for increasing risk of cancer
The following describe what?
GDP is in resting (off) position.
- GTP is in activated (switched on) position.
- Inactivation requires GTPase protein.
RAS GENE
This definition describes what?
- Mutant gene whose altered function or expression results in :
- Abnormal stimulation of cell division.
- Proliferation in absence of growth signals.
Oncogenes
What does the Epstein Barr Virus protect against?
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Cancers arising from ductal orglandular structures are called what?
Adenocarcinoma
The BRC-ABL oncogene is associated with what and what does it do?
Associated with Philadephia Chromosome
Ant-apoptosis cell
This definition describes what?
•Facilitate neoplastic transformation via a cellular recessive model:
•Loss of function of both alleles.
•Function opposite proto-oncogenes.
•Gate-keeper genes:
•Directly regulate cell cycle or growth inhibition.
•Caretaker genes:
Indirectly repair DNA and maintain genomic integrity.
Tumor suppressor gene
What is common with familial cancer
Inactivation fo tumor suppressor genes
