Chapter 9

Question 1

biosphere

Answer 1

regions of Earth occupied by
living organisms, made up of all the
ecozones

Question 2

sustainable development

Answer 2

a way to maintain
economic growth without damaging
the environment

Question 3

Brundland Commission

Answer 3

mission is to unite countries to pursue sustainable development together.

Question 4

Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring”

Answer 4

an environmental science book written by Rachel Carson and published by Houghton Mifflin on September 27, 1962. The book documented the detrimental effects on the environment—particularly on birds—of the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading disinformation and public officials of accepting industry claims unquestioningly

Question 5

groundwater

Answer 5

water beneath Earth’s surface
in underground streams and other
forms

Question 6

aquifers

Answer 6

an underground layer of rock,
gravel, etc., from which water can be
drawn for wells and which is a source of
springs

Question 7

water quality

Answer 7

efers to the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water. It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose

Question 8

fresh water – solutions

Answer 8

1- Educate to change consumption and lifestyles
2-Invent new water conservation technologies
3-Recycle wastewater
4-Improve irrigation and agricultural practices
5-Improve water catchment and harvesting

Question 9

ozone layer depletion

Answer 9

causes -CFCs and HCFCs reach the stratosphere, the ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes them to break apart and release chlorine atoms which react with ozone, starting chemical cycles of ozone destruction that deplete the ozone layer
Effects - will lead to higher levels of UVB reaching the Earth’s surface. The sun’s output of UVB does not change; rather, less ozone means less protection, and hence more UVB reaches the Earth. Studies have shown that in the Antarctic, the amount of UVB measured at the surface can double during the annual ozone hole

Question 10

CFC’s

Answer 10

chemicals
used in coolants, solvents, and aerosol
cans that damage the ozone layer

Question 11

Montreal Protocol

Answer 11

an international agreement
signed in 1987 to phase out the
ozone-depleting chemicals CFCs

Question 12

global warming

Answer 12

the observed and projected
increase in the earth’s average temperature
due to burning of fossil fuels and
deforestation

Question 13

permafrost

Answer 13

subsoil that remains frozen all

year long

Question 14

Kyoto Protocal

Answer 14

an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it.

Question 15

desertification/soil degradation

Answer 15

the spread of desert-like
conditions in an area, sometimes caused
by human activity. bring damaging
floods or droughts

Question 16

genetically modified foods

Answer 16

, such as soybeans, corn, and potatoes, have been
approved by the Canadian government. Many of these crops rely on herbicides,
which increase the risk of damage to the environment and possibly
lead to long-term effects on people’s health

Question 17

biodiversity

Answer 17

having a variety of life forms

Question 18

boreal forests

Answer 18

a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches. The taiga is the world’s largest terrestrial biome. Alot in Canada

Question 19

old growth forests

Answer 19

are natural forests that have developed over a long period of time, generally at least 120 years (DNR definition and consistent with definitions for the eastern United States), without experiencing severe, stand-replacing disturbance—a fire, windstorm, or logging.

Question 20

rainforest deforestation

Answer 20

clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. one of the causes of Global warming

Question 21

reforestation

Answer 21

replanting trees where

they have been cut down for timber or paper

Question 22

acid rain (cause and effects)

Answer 22

a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air.

Question 23

PH level’s

Answer 23

: a number between 0 and 14 that indicates if a chemical is an acid or a base

Question 24

What is an effect of global climate change (global warming)?

Answer 24

increased violent storms

Question 25

Which activity is the greatest threat to freshwater quality in Canada?

Answer 25

agriculture