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ss - 11 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

demography

A

the study of population
numbers, distribution, trends, and
issues

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2
Q

census

A

the process of collecting,
compiling, and publishing demographic,
economic, and social data about all
people living in a particular area

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3
Q

developed country

A

a country with a
highly developed economy and
infrastructure and high living standards

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4
Q

developing country

A

y a country with a
less sophisticated economy and lower
standard of living than developed
countries; may have extensive poverty

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5
Q

crude birth rate

A

the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

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6
Q

total fertility rate

A

number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates

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7
Q

crude death rate

A

the number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year

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8
Q

natural increase

A 
the rate at which a
population increases (or decreases) in a
year expressed as a percentage of the
total population; calculated by subtracting
the death rate from the birth rate
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9
Q

Rule of Seventy

A

a way to ESTIMATE the number of years it takes for something to DOUBLE if you know the annual percentage growth rate.

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10
Q

exponential rate of increase

A

occurs when the growth rate of the value of a mathematical function is proportional to the function’s current value.

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11
Q

doubling time

A

the number of years it
takes a country to double its population at
its current growth rate

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12
Q

immigration rate

A

e the number of new
arrivals in a country in a given year per
1000 people

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13
Q

emigration rate

A

the number of people
leaving a country in a given year per 1000
people

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14
Q

net migration rate

A

is the difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time,

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15
Q

negative migration rate

A

negative migration means more people are leaving than entering

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16
Q

“visible minority”

A

persons, other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour

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17
Q

life expectancy

A

the average number of

years an individual is expected to live

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18
Q

World Health Organization

A

WHO, a UN
agency that coordinates international
health activities and helps governments
improve health services

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19
Q

Demographic Transition Model

A

a model
that shows changes in a population’s birth
and death rates and growth based on
technological development

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20
Q

age structure

A

The distribution of ages of individuals of a population

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21
Q

dependency ratio

A

the proportion of the
population (children and those over 65
years of age) that is being supported by
the working age group

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22
Q

population pyramid

A

a bar graph that
shows male and female populations back
to back at age intervals of five years

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23
Q

cohorts

A

a group of people banded together or treated as a group.

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24
Q

stages if demographic growth

A

early expanding
stable
expanding
contracting

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25
Q

China’s “one child policy”

A

a population control policy of the People’s Republic of China. The term “one-child” is inexact as the policy allows many exceptions and ethnic minorities are exempt

26
Q

population distribution

A

n the pattern of

where people live in an area

27
Q

ecumene

A

a term used by geographers to mean inhabited land

28
Q

population density

A

y the number of people
living in a given area; calculated by dividing
the population by its area

29
Q

crude density

A

includes all the land within the organism’s range whereas ecological density includes only that portion of land that can actually be colonized by the species.

30
Q

reasons for population density

A

job opportunites, housing, weather climates, economics, educations,

31
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography

32
Q

arable land

A

land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops

33
Q

carrying capacity of land

A

the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment

34
Q

The Population Bomb

A

a best-selling book written by Stanford University Professor Paul R. Ehrlich and his wife, Anne Ehrlich (who was uncredited), in 1968.[1][2] It warned of the mass starvation of humans in the 1970s and 1980s due to overpopulation, as well as other major societal upheavals, and advocated immediate action to limit population growth

35
Q

nutritional density

A

identifies the proportion of nutrients in foods, with terms such as nutrient rich and micronutrient dense referring to similar properties

36
Q

What is the purpose of the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI)?

A

to rank nations according to their citizens’ quality of life

37
Q

gross domestic product

A

The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis

38
Q

per capita GDP

A

A measure of the total output of a country that takes the gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful when comparing one country to another because it shows the relative performance of the countries.

39
Q

gross national product

A

s the market value of all the products and services produced in one year by labour and property supplied by the citizens of a country.

40
Q

Human Development Index

A

the UN’s
index used to rank standards of living in
its member countries

41
Q

HDI indicator

A

adult literacy

life expectancy

42
Q

First World

A

United States, United Kingdom and their allies

43
Q

newly industrialized countries

A

A term used by political scientists and economists to describe a country whose level of economic development ranks it somewhere between the developing and first-world classifications

44
Q

highly indebted poor countries

A

are a group of 39 developing countries with high levels of poverty and debt overhang which are eligible for special assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.

45
Q

Third World

A

neutral and non-aligned countries.

46
Q

standard of living indicators

A

refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area

47
Q

poverty line

A

s the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country

48
Q

poverty cycle

A

cycle of poverty has been described as a phenomenon where poor families become trapped in poverty for generations. Because they have no or limited access to critical resources, such as education and financial services, subsequent generations are also impoverished.

49
Q

causes of poverty

A

armed conflict
natural disasters
lack of education
employment rates

50
Q

World Bank

A

an international group of five
financial institutions that provide financial
and technical help to developing countries

51
Q

International Monetary Fund

A

) an
international organization designed to promote
economic stability and development

52
Q

Structural Adjustment Program

A

programs designed by the World Bank
and IMF to adjust the economies of developing
countries as a condition of receiving
loans

53
Q

multinational corporation

A

companies that do business in more than

one country

54
Q

debt solutions

A

debt reduction

debt forgiving

55
Q

factors influencing the status of women

A

Women and children may have no
legal rights, or the legal system may allow them to be treated as property.
Women may even be killed to satisfy a family’s honour. In some tribal societies,
women and children may have to eat whatever is left after the men
have finished their meals, which can lead to malnutrition

56
Q

Progress of Nations Report

A

t measures the risk for children
in countries worldwide on a scale of 0 to 100. The measure is based on
five factors: the mortality rates of children under the age of five, the percentage
of children who are moderately or severely underweight, numbers of
children who do not attend primary school, risks from armed conflict, and
risks from HIV/AIDS

57
Q

under-five mortality rate or infant mortality rate

A

the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five,

58
Q

health factors reducing standard of living

A

disease
pandemics
HIV/AIDS

59
Q

aid solutions

A

bilateral aid (p. 351) (assistance from one country
to another)
multilateral aid (aid delivered through
international organizations such as the UN
and the World Bank)
tied aid (aid given to a foreign country with
conditions attached)

60
Q

What is a stated purpose of international debt reduction for developing countries?

A

to enable greater spending on social programs

61
Q

Which factor is associated with the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa?

A

low literacy rate

ss - 11 (11 decks)

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