Chapter 5 Flashcards
Which policy is associated with increased immigration from Asia and the Middle East from pre-1961 to post-1971?
multiculturalism
Which newspaper headline best reflects the findings of the Bilingualism and Biculturalism Commission?
French Canadians feel alienated from rest of Canada
Union Nationale
a conservativeand nationalist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, that identified with Québécois autonomism
Maurice Duplessis
Priemer of Quebec and leader of Union Nationale. 1936 to 1939, and again from 1944 to 1959
The Quiet Revolution
a period of rapid change
and reform that modernized Québec society
during the years 1960 to 1966 under
the Liberal provincial government of Jean
Lesage
Jean Lesage
Elected in 1960, began the Quiet revolution. the Liberals came to
power with an election slogan that announced it was “Time for a Change.
Maitres chez nous
In 1962 They campaigned,
and won, with the motto “Masters in our own
house”—with the aim of strengthening Québec’s control of its own economy
separatism
the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. In Québec nationalism and the separatist movement grew in the 1960s and
1970s.
FLQ
(Front de libération du Québec) a
revolutionary movement founded to work
for an independent, socialist Québec
Bi and Bi Commission
a Canadian royal commission established on 19 July 1963, by the government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson to “inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada
Flag debate
English Canadians wanted to
keep the Red Ensign; French Canada wanted a new flag. Finally, after hundreds
of suggestions from across Canada, the red-and-white maple leaf
design was chosen. On February 15, 1965, Canada’s new flag was raised on
Parliament Hill for the first time
Official Languages Act
the Act that states
that French and English are Canada’s official
languages, and that all federal institutions
must provide services in English and
French
October Crisis
1970 ,a series of events triggered by two kidnappings of government officials by members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) during October 1970 . The circumstances culminated in the only peacetime use of the War Measures Act in Canada’s history,
James Cross
Part of the October Crisis. 0, members of the FLQ kidnapped British diplomat James Cross. In exchange for Cross’s safe release, they demanded the release of FLQ members serving prison sentences and a public reading of the FLQ manifesto
Pierre Laporte
Part of the OCtober Crisis. Kidnaped by the FLQ after FLQ would not be released by Québec Premier Robert Bourassa
War Measures Act, 1970
October Crisis. The first time that the war measures act was used durning Peaceful times. Act suspended Canadians’ civil rights—anyone could be
arrested and detained without being charged with no reason
Rene Levesque
1967, Québec Cabinet minister, e left the Liberal Party
and, a year later, formed the Parti Québécois (PQ). Lévesque believed that Québec and Canada would do better to “divorce” peacefully than to continue
a “marriage” of two cultures that seemed imposed and unworkable. Tried to help CAnada and Quebec get together
Parti Quebecois
a Québec provincial
party that advocates separation from
Canada
Bill 101
also called the “Charter of the
French Language,” Bill 101 strengthened
the position of the French language in
Québec
Quebec Referendum, 1980
the first vote in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty. PQ government of René Lévesque
- free trade between Canada and Québec
- a common currency for the two nations
- common tariffs against imported goods
Sovereignty-association
a proposal by
Québec nationalists that Québec have
political independence yet retain close
economic ties or association with Canada
BNA Act, 1867
Had been Canada’s Constitution since
1867. The Act set out the powers of the federal and provincial governments
and guaranteed the language and education rights of Québec’s Francophone
majority.
Patriation of the Constitution
1982 Canada “patriated” its Constitution, transferring the country’s highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament — a connection from the colonial past — to Canada’s federal and provincial legislatures.
Amending formula
a process by which
changes can legally be made to the
Canadian Constitution
Kitchen Compromise
1981: final desperate attempt to come to
agreement at hotel in Ottawa. written in the hotel kitchen in the middle of the night
notwithstanding clause
a clause in the
Canadian Constitution (Section 33[1]) that
enables Parliament or the legislature of a
province to allow an Act to stand even
though it contravenes the Charter of
Rights and Freedoms
Robert Bourassa
Québec Premier During october crisis. M Made bill 22 which provincial legislation that made
French the sole official language of
Québec
Reform Party
a right-wing populist (Common man )federal political party in Canada that existed from 1987 to 2000.
Conservatism
Libertarian conservatism
Preston Manning
a Canadian politician. He was the only leader of the Reform Party of Canada
Meech Lake Accord
a package of
constitutional amendments that would
define Québec as a distinct society within
Canada
distinct-society
a political term especially used during constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990. Refers to the uniqueness of the province of Quebec within Canada
Elijah Harper
a Canadian politician and Chief of his Red Sucker Lake community. He was a key player in the rejection of the Meech Lake Accord, an attempt at Canadian constitutional reform
Lucien Bouchard
a powerful Québec member of
Mulroney’s Cabinet, resigned in protest and formed a new national
party, the Bloc Québécois
Bloc Quebecois
The Bloc would run in federal elections
but it remained committed to Québec separation
Charlottetown Accord
a package of constitutional
amendments. Québec’s concerns
in ways similar to the Meech Lake Accord, but it also advocated the principle of Aboriginal self-government. In addition, the Charlottetown Accord proposed reforming the Senate. 54.3 percent of Canadian voters rejected it.
Quebec Referendum, 1995
the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent state, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada. No won by50.58%
Jacques Parizeau
a noted economist and Quebec sovereigntist who was the 26th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from September 26, 1994, to January 29, 1996
clarity bill
legislation passed by the Chrétien government requiring separatist
referendums to pass with a “clear
majority” rather than 50 percent plus 1,
before Québec could negotiate separation
Official multiculturalism
passed in 1988, that aims to preserve and enhance multiculturalism in Canada.
Cultural “mosaic” vs. “melting pot”
Mosaic refers to a nation of people who are different, and represent a variety of cultures, religions and ethnicities. Melting pot refers to a country that pressures people to conform to it’s ways. Unless you conform, you will be seen as an outsider.
Aboriginal rights
The rights of aboriginal people. Usally had to fight very hard for even basic rights
Residential schools
Boarding schools for aboriginal’s. Many bad stories of how they were abused and taken advantage there.
White Paper, 1969
the government
report proposing dramatic changes to
the lives of Aboriginal peoples, including
the elimination of the Indian Act
Aboriginal self-government
proposals to give governments representing the Aboriginal peoples of Canada greater powers of government. The Charlottetown Accord also advocated the
principle of Aboriginal self-governme
Harold Cardinal
an Alberta Cree leader. Helped lead the attack against the white paper. Aboriginal people were furious. They saw the White Paper as an attack on
their right to maintain their unique identity. H
Phil Fontaine
Assembly of First Nations
National Chief. First one to spoke out about the physical and sexual abuse he suffered
at a residential school.
Berger Commission
hearings all over the North listening carefully to
Aboriginan problems . he commission recommended that construction
of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline be suspended for 10 years pending an
in-depth environmental study and negotiations with the Aboriginal people
Indian Act
a Canadian statute that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. First passed in 1876 and is still in force with amendments, it is the primary document which governs how the Canadian state interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members
Aboriginal land claims
two types. Specific claims areas where treaties between Aboriginal peoples and the federal
government have been signed, but their terms have not been kept (highways ) and Comprehensive claims the ownership of land in large parts of Canada that were
never surrendered by treaty.
Oka confrontation
Oka Crisis in Québec 1990. The town council
decided to expand a golf course into long-disputed land
that Mohawks at the nearby Kanesatake reserve considered sacred. The Mohawks decided to stop construction of the golf course by blockading the land.
July 11, the
police advanced on the Mohawk lines, gunfire broke out,
and an officer was killed.