Chapter 9 Flashcards
An urge to continue a behavior because of internal reinforcers/rewards, in which behaviors include in high quality learning is what?
Intrinsic motivation
An urge to continue a behavior because of external reinforcers despite behaviors resulting in resentment and disinterest is what?
Extrinsic motivation
What is when a person enjoys doing math problems?
Intrinsic motivation
What is it when a person does math problems because there rewarded with good grades?
Extrinsic motivation
What suggests that maintaining homeostasis motivates us to meet biological needs?
Drive reduction theory
What involves state of tension that pushes us or motivates behaviors to meet a need?
Drive
What is a tendency for bodies to maintain constant states through internal controls?
Homeostasis
What suggests that humans are motivated to seek an optimal level of arousal or alertness and engagement in the world?
Arousal theory
What are universal and ordered in terms of the strength of their associated drive?
Hierarchy of needs
What is the order of maslows hierarchy? Top to bottom & short example.
Self-transcendence: supporting others goals
Self-actualization: strive for ones fullest potential
Esteem needs: confidence, independence, etc
Love & belongingness: friendships, family bonds, social acceptance.
Safety needs: feeling safe & secure, shelter
Physiologic needs: food, water, sleep, & balance.
What is 3 exceptions to maslows rule?
- sequence not set in stone.
- safety may be abandoned for a higher purpose.
- people sometimes abandon physiologic needs to meet self-actualization needs.
What 3 things did Deci & Ryan suggest about the self-determination theory being that humans are born with these needs.
Competence
Relatedness
Autonomy
What is initiated by a stimulus and is more likely to motivate action?
Emotions
What is a long term emotional state and is less intense than emotions?
Moods
What theory believed that stimulus initiated physiological reactions and or a behavioral reaction and this leads to an emotion?
The James-Lange theory
What theory believed everything happens simultaneously?
The cannon-bard theory
What theory believed the experience of emotions is the result of physiological arousal and a cognitive label for this physiological state?
Schachter-singer theory
Who said emotions are adaptive and aid in coping and are a result of the way people appraise or interpret interactions they have in environments?
Lazarus
What did critics say about Lazarus’ thought?
That thinking is not always involved when emotions are experiences. And emotions can precede thoughts and may even cause them.
What is the difference from basic emotions and the context in which they are exhibited?
Basic emotions are universal the contexts are culturally influenced.
What does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest?
That the facial expressions can sometimes affect the emotional experience.
What are the basic emotions or biologically given emotions?
Anger Fear Disgust Sadness Happiness
What is motivation?
Its the stimulus or force that directs behavior, thinking, and persistence.
