Chapter 9

Question 1

An urge to continue a behavior because of internal reinforcers/rewards, in which behaviors include in high quality learning is what?

Answer 1

Intrinsic motivation

Question 2

An urge to continue a behavior because of external reinforcers despite behaviors resulting in resentment and disinterest is what?

Answer 2

Extrinsic motivation

Question 3

What is when a person enjoys doing math problems?

Answer 3

Intrinsic motivation

Question 4

What is it when a person does math problems because there rewarded with good grades?

Answer 4

Extrinsic motivation

Question 5

What suggests that maintaining homeostasis motivates us to meet biological needs?

Answer 5

Drive reduction theory

Question 6

What involves state of tension that pushes us or motivates behaviors to meet a need?

Answer 6

Drive

Question 7

What is a tendency for bodies to maintain constant states through internal controls?

Answer 7

Homeostasis

Question 8

What suggests that humans are motivated to seek an optimal level of arousal or alertness and engagement in the world?

Answer 8

Arousal theory

Question 9

What are universal and ordered in terms of the strength of their associated drive?

Answer 9

Hierarchy of needs

Question 10

What is the order of maslows hierarchy? Top to bottom & short example.

Answer 10

Self-transcendence: supporting others goals
Self-actualization: strive for ones fullest potential
Esteem needs: confidence, independence, etc
Love & belongingness: friendships, family bonds, social acceptance.
Safety needs: feeling safe & secure, shelter
Physiologic needs: food, water, sleep, & balance.

Question 11

What is 3 exceptions to maslows rule?

Answer 11

• sequence not set in stone.
• safety may be abandoned for a higher purpose.
• people sometimes abandon physiologic needs to meet self-actualization needs.

Question 12

What 3 things did Deci & Ryan suggest about the self-determination theory being that humans are born with these needs.

Answer 12

Competence
Relatedness
Autonomy

Question 13

What is initiated by a stimulus and is more likely to motivate action?

Answer 13

Emotions

Question 14

What is a long term emotional state and is less intense than emotions?

Answer 14

Moods

Question 15

What theory believed that stimulus initiated physiological reactions and or a behavioral reaction and this leads to an emotion?

Answer 15

The James-Lange theory

Question 16

What theory believed everything happens simultaneously?

Answer 16

The cannon-bard theory

Question 17

What theory believed the experience of emotions is the result of physiological arousal and a cognitive label for this physiological state?

Answer 17

Schachter-singer theory

Question 18

Who said emotions are adaptive and aid in coping and are a result of the way people appraise or interpret interactions they have in environments?

Answer 18

Lazarus

Question 19

What did critics say about Lazarus’ thought?

Answer 19

That thinking is not always involved when emotions are experiences. And emotions can precede thoughts and may even cause them.

Question 20

What is the difference from basic emotions and the context in which they are exhibited?

Answer 20

Basic emotions are universal the contexts are culturally influenced.

Question 21

What does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest?

Answer 21

That the facial expressions can sometimes affect the emotional experience.

Question 22

What are the basic emotions or biologically given emotions?

Answer 22

Anger
Fear
Disgust
Sadness
Happiness

Question 23

What is motivation?

Answer 23

Its the stimulus or force that directs behavior, thinking, and persistence.