Chapter 9

Question 1

Aquifers

Answer 1

small spaces found within permeable layers of rock and sediment

Question 2

Unconfined Aquifers

Answer 2

aquifers of porous rock covered by soil

Question 3

Confined Aquifers

Answer 3

aquifers surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay

Question 4

Water Table

Answer 4

the uppermost level at which the water in a given area fully saturates the rock or soil

Question 5

Groundwater Recharge

Answer 5

water from precipitation can percolate through the soil and work its way into an aquifer

Question 6

Springs

Answer 6

where water from some aquifers naturally percolates up to the ground surface

Question 7

Artesian Wells

Answer 7

drilling a hole into a confined aquifer releasing the pressure on the water allowing it to burst out of the aquifer and rise up in the well

Question 8

Cone of Depression

Answer 8

an area where there is no longer any groundwater

Question 9

Saltwater Intrusion

Answer 9

salt water adjacent to wells infiltrates the area of rapid pumping and makes the water in wells salty

Question 10

Floodplain

Answer 10

land adjacent to a river

Question 11

Oligotrophic

Answer 11

lakes that have low productivity due to low amounts of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the water

Question 12

Mesotrophic

Answer 12

lakes with a moderate level of productivity

Question 13

Mesotrophic

Answer 13

lakes with a moderate level of productivity

Question 14

Eutrophic

Answer 14

lakes with a high level of productivity

Question 15

Impermeable Surfaces

Answer 15

pavement or buildings that do not allow water penetration

Question 16

Levee

Answer 16

an enlarged bank built up on each side of the river

Question 17

Dikes

Answer 17

typically built to prevent ocean water from flooding adjacent land

Question 18

Dam

Answer 18

a barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water

Question 19

Reservoir

Answer 19

water is stored behind a dam in a large body of water

Question 20

Fish Ladder

Answer 20

built like a set of stairs with water flowing over them

Question 21

Aqueducts

Answer 21

canals or ditches used to carry water from one location to another

Question 22

Desalination

Answer 22

removing the salt from salt-water

Question 23

Hydroponic Agriculture

Answer 23

the cultivation of crop plants under greenhouse conditions with their roots immersed in a nutrient-rich solution, but no soil