Chapter 7

Question 1

Demography

Answer 1

the study of human populations and population trends

Question 2

Demographers

Answer 2

scientists who study human populations and population trends

Question 3

Immigration

Answer 3

people coming into a country

Question 4

Emigration

Answer 4

people leaving a country

Question 5

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 5

the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year

Question 6

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 6

the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year

Question 7

Doubling Time

Answer 7

the number of years it takes for a population to double

Question 8

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 8

an estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years

Question 9

Replacement-Level Fertility

Answer 9

the TFR required to offset the average number of deaths in a population so that the current population size remains stable

Question 10

Developed Countries

Answer 10

countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income

Question 11

Developing Countries

Answer 11

countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and incomes of less than $3 per person per day are the norm

Question 12

Life Expectancy

Answer 12

the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country

Question 13

Infant Mortality

Answer 13

the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births

Question 14

Child Mortality

Answer 14

the number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births

Question 15

Age Structure Diagrams

Answer 15

visual representations of age structure within a country for males and females

Question 16

Population Pyramid

Answer 16

age structure diagram

Question 17

Population Momentum

Answer 17

the reason a population keeps on growing after birth control policies or voluntary birth reductions have begun to lower the crude birth rate of a country

Question 18

Net Migration Rate

Answer 18

the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country

Question 19

Theory of Demographic Transition

Answer 19

as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth

Question 20

Family Planning

Answer 20

the regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control

Question 21

Affluence

Answer 21

money, goods, or property

Question 22

Urban Area

Answer 22

one

Question 23

Urban Area

Answer 23

one that contains more than 386 people per square kilometer

Question 24

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 24

the value of all products and services produced in a year in that country