Chapter 10

Question 1

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 1

the tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest for short-term gain

Question 2

Externality

Answer 2

a cost or benefit of a good or service that is not included in the purchase price of that good or service

Question 3

Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)

Answer 3

the maximum amount that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource

Question 4

Resource Conservation Ethic

Answer 4

people should maximize resource use based on the greatest good for everyone

Question 5

Resource Conservation Ethic

Answer 5

people should maximize resource use based on the greatest good for everyone

Question 6

Multiple-Use Lands

Answer 6

may be used for recreation, grazing, timber harvesting, and mineral extraction

Question 7

Rangelands

Answer 7

dry, open grasslands

Question 8

Forests

Answer 8

dominated by trees and other woody vegetation

Question 9

Clear-Cutting

Answer 9

involves removing all, or almost all, the trees within an area

Question 10

Selective Cutting

Answer 10

removes single trees or relatively small numbers of trees from among many in a forest

Question 11

Ecologically Sustainable Foresttry

Answer 11

removes trees from the forest in ways that do not unduly affect the viability of other, noncommercial tree species

Question 12

Tree Plantations

Answer 12

large areas typically planted with a single rapidly growing tree species

Question 13

Prescribed Burn

Answer 13

a fire is deliberately set under controlled conditions

Question 14

National Wildlife Refuges

Answer 14

the only federal public lands managed for the primary purpose of protecting wildlife

Question 15

National Wilderness Areas

Answer 15

set aside with the intent of preserving large tracts of intact ecosystems or landscapes

Question 16

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

Answer 16

mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or federal permits

Question 17

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Answer 17

typically outlines the scope and purpose of the project, describes the environmental context, suggests alternative approaches to the project, and analyzes the environmental impact of each alternative

Question 18

Environmental Mitigation Plan

Answer 18

states how permits or government funds will address the project’s environmental impact

Question 19

Endangered Species Act

Answer 19

a 1973 law designed to protect species from extinction

Question 20

Endangered Species Act

Answer 20

a 1973 law designed to protect species from extinction

Question 21

Suburban

Answer 21

areas that surround metropolitan centers and have low population densities compared with those suburban areas

Question 22

Exurban

Answer 22

areas that are similar to suburban areas, but are unconnected to any central city or densely populated area

Question 23

Urban Sprawl

Answer 23

the creation of urbanized areas that spread into rural areas and remove clear boundaries between the two

Question 24

Urban Blight

Answer 24

the degradation of the built and social environments of the city that often accompanies and accelerates migration to the suburbs

Question 25

Highway Trust Fund

Answer 25

begun by the Highway Revenue Act of 1956 and funded by a federal gasoline tax, pays for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways

Question 26

Indued Demand

Answer 26

an increase in the supply of a good causes demand to grow

Question 27

Zoning

Answer 27

a planning tool developed in the 1920s to separate industry and business from residential neighborhoods and create quieter, safer communities

Question 28

Multi-Use Zoning

Answer 28

allows retail and high-density residential development to coexist in the same area

Question 29

Smart Growth

Answer 29

focuses on strategies that encourage the development of sustainable, healthy communities

Question 30

Stakeholders

Answer 30

people with an interest in a particular place or issue

Question 31

Sense of Place

Answer 31

that feeling that an area has a distinct and meaningful character

Question 32

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

Answer 32

attempts to focus dense residential and retail development around stops for public transportation, giving people convenient alternatives to driving

Question 33

Infill

Answer 33

development that fills in vacant lots within existing communities, rather than expanding into new land outside the city

Question 34

Urban Growth Boundaries

Answer 34

restrictions on development outside a designated area

Question 35

Urban Growth Boundaries

Answer 35

restrictions on development outside a designated area

Question 36

Eminent Domain

Answer 36

allows a government to acquire property at fair market value even if the owner does not wish to sell it