Chapter 9

Question 1

Life of Abraham Maslow

Answer 1

1908-1970
Born in Brooklyn

Mother: Affectionate and rejecting
-Hostile toward father

• compensated for feelings of inferiority
• devoted to developing a psychology toward highest human ideals

Question 2

Maslow–Personality Development

Answer 2

Hierarchy of Needs:
-arranged from strongest to weakest

Instinctoid
-needs hierarchy are innate

Question 3

Hierarchy of needs info

Answer 3

characteristics:

• one need dominates at a time
• needs not fully satisfied before next need becomes important

Deficit (deficiency) needs:
–lower needs

Growth (being needs)

• -higher needs
• -Appear late in life

Question 4

Hierarchy of Needs, continued.

Answer 4

Self Actualization
         Esteem needs
 Belongingness and Love
Safety needs
Physiological needs

Question 5

Physiological needs

Answer 5

• food, water, sex
• basic survival needs
• rarely a concern for middle class Americans
• major concern for poor people and those in third world countries

Question 6

Safety Needs

Answer 6

-security, order, stability

• important drives for infants and neurotic adults
• preference for structure or routine
• avoidance to new experiences

Question 7

Belongingness and Love Needs

Answer 7

• Need to give and receive Love
• expressed through lover or mate and social relationships in groups
• difficult to satisfy in mobile society
• failure to meet this need is a fundamental cause of emotional maladjustment

Question 8

Esteem Needs

Answer 8

Self Worth:
-esteem from ourselves

Status and Recognition
-esteem from others

**failure to satisfy leads to inferiority feelings and helplessness

Question 9

Self-Actualization Needs

Answer 9

-fullest development of the self

Necessary Conditions:
-freedom from societal or self constraints
-no distraction by the lower needs
-secure in self-image and relationships
realistic knowledge of self

Question 10

Cognitive Needs

Answer 10

• Need to know and to understand
• second set of innate needs
• appears in late infancy and early childhood
• necessary for self-actualization

Question 11

Characteristics of Self-Actualizers

Answer 11

• clear perceptions
• acceptance of self, others and nature
• spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
• dedication to a cause
• independence and need for privacy
• freshness of appreciation
• peak experiences
• social interest
• deep interpersonal relationships
• tolerance and acceptance of others
• creativeness and originality
• resistance to social pressures

Question 12

Questions about Human Nature: Maslow

Answer 12

• free will
• nature and nurture influence
• past and present focus
• uniqueness emphasized
• growth process
• optimistic

Question 13

Maslow: Assessment

Answer 13

• interviews
• found <1% met criteria for self-actualizing
• personal orientation inventory

Question 14

Research (Maslow)

Answer 14

Focus:
no formal approach to Maslow
-correlational studies
-hierarchy of needs
   -belongingness need
   -self-esteem

Question 15

Maslow Self-Determination Theory

Answer 15

• contemporaty outgrowth of self-actualization theory
• facilitated by intrinsic motivation

three basic needs:
-competence, autonomy, relatedness

*satisfaction for these needs positively correlated with self-actualization

Question 16

Maslow’s Contributions

Answer 16

• Humanistic approach very popular
• influenced positive psychology movement
• broad impact of Maslow’s theory

Question 17

Criticisms of Maslow

Answer 17

• research methods lack rigor, too inconsistent and vague
• characteristics of actualizers lack specificity and are difficult to describe
• use of terms inconsistent and ambiguous, lacking in negative