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Theories of Personality > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Gordon Allport: Born, Lived, Family

A

1897-1967
Born in Indiana

Mother: Strict, religious
Father: Salesman turned medical doctor

Isolated from brothers & other children
Inferiority feelings

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2
Q

Gordon Allport: Life (part 2)

A

Traumatic meeting with Freud

Competition with older brother
Ph.D at Harvard after brother

Dissertation on traits
Taught first formal course in personality

  • -helped bring personality into the mainstream
  • -formulated a theory of personality development in which traits play a prominent role
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3
Q

Gordon Allport–Nature of Personality: Heredity

A

Provides raw materials
Shaped by environment
Emphasis on uniqueness

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4
Q

Gordon Allport–Nature of Personality: Two Personalities

A

Childhood & adulthood
Discrete, discontinuous nature of personality
Not constrained by early experiences

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5
Q

Gordon Allport–Personality Traits

A

Distinguishing characteristic that guides behavior

Characteristics:

  1. Real & existent within each person
  2. Determine & cause behavior
  3. Can be demonstrated empirically
  4. Interrelated with other traits
  5. Vary with situation
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6
Q

Gordon Allport–Individual Personality Traits

A

Unique to the individual

Defines one’s character

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7
Q

Gordon Allport–Common Personality Traits

A

Shared by many people

e.g. within a culture

Likely to change over time

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8
Q

Gordon Allport–Personal Dispositions

A

Traits particular to an individual

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9
Q

Gordon Allport–Motivation

A

Functional Autonomy of Motives:
Motives in normal, mature adult are independent of childhood

Two Levels

  1. Perseverative Functional Autonomy
  2. Propriate Functional Autonomy
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10
Q

Gordon Allport–Preservative Functional Autonomy

A

Level of functional autonomy that relates to low-level & routine behaviors

e.g. addictions, everyday tasks

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11
Q

Gordon Allport–Propriate Functional Autonomy

A

Level of functional autonomy that relates to values, self-image, & lifestyle
e.g. motivation to learn a skill

Proprium
Ego or the self

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12
Q

Gordon Allport–Personality Development in Childhood

A

Development of the unique self

7 stages of growth from infancy through adolescence

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13
Q

Gordon Allport–Personality Development stages 1

A

Stage One: Bodily Self
Development: Awareness of Existence
Age: 1-3 years

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14
Q

Gordon Allport–Personality Development stages 4

A

Stage 4: Extension of self
dev: objects & people part of own world
Age: 4-6 years

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15
Q

Gordon Allport–Healthy Adult Personality 1-3

A
  1. Extends sense of self to people and activities outside of self
  2. relates warmly to others
  3. self-acceptance helps emotional security
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16
Q

Gordon Allport–Healthy Adult Personality 4-6

A
  1. Holds realistic perception
  2. has sense of humor with insight of self
  3. subscribes to unifying philosophy
17
Q

Gordon Allport–Questions about Human Nature

A
  • Free will and determinism
  • Nurture and nurture influence
  • present focus
  • uniqueness emphasized
  • growth process
  • optimistic
18
Q

Gordon Allport–Assessment (1-5)

A
  1. constitutional and physiological diagnosis
  2. cultural setting, membership, role
  3. personal docs and case studies
  4. self-appraisal
  5. conduct analysis
19
Q

Gordon Allport–Assessment 6-11

A
  1. ratings
  2. tests and scales
  3. projective techniques
  4. depth analysis
  5. expressive behaviour
  6. synoptic procedures
20
Q

Gordon Allport–Research

A

Focus–open and eclectic approach

  • expressive behaviour
  • coping behaviour
  • cultural differences in facial expressions
  • computer recognition of facial expressions
21
Q

Gordon Allport–contributions

A

Contributions:

  • well-recieved
  • influenced humanistic theories with hopeful philosophy
  • commonsense alternative to psychoanalytic thought
22
Q

Gordon Allport–Criticisms

A
  • little research
  • terms difficult to study
  • questions about mechanisms (functional autonomy)
  • Focus on individual; difficult to generalize
23
Q

Gordon Allport vs. Freud

A
  • -Allport challenged Freud’s psychoanalysis on several points
    1. Allport did not accept the notion that unconscious forces dominate personality of normal mature adults
  • -suggested that emotionally healthy people function rationally and consciously, aware and in control of many of the forces that motivate them.
  • **unconscious is important only in the behavior of neurotic or disturbed persons
  1. Historical determinism–the importance of the past in determining the present–Allport said that we are not prisoners of childhood conflicts and past experiences, as Freud believed. Instead, we are guided more by the present and by our view of the future. Allport–“we are busy leading their lives into the future, whereas psychology is busy leading them into the past.”
  2. collecting data from abnormal personalities–Freud saw continuum between normal and abnormal, Allport saw clear distinction. Allport–the ab. personality functioned at an infantile level
24
Q

Cardinal Traits

A

-Most pervasive and powerful traits

25
Q

Central Traits

A

-Outstanding traits that describe one’s behavior

26
Q

Secondary Traits

A
  • Least important traits

- Displayed inconspicuously & inconsistently

27
Q

Personality development stage 2

A

Stage Two: Self Identity
Dev: Identity remains intact
Age: 1-3 years

28
Q

Personality development stage 3

A

Stage Three: Self-Esteem
Dev: Pride in accomplishments
Age: 1-3 years

29
Q

personality development stage 5

A

Stage 5: Self-Image
Dev: Actual & Ideal images of self
Age: 6-12 years

30
Q

personality development stage 6

A

Stage 6: Self as a Rational Coper
Dev: Apply reason & logic
Age: Adolescence

31
Q

personality development stage 7

A

Stage 7: Propriate Striving
Dev: Formulate long-range goals
Age: Adolescence

Theories of Personality (5 decks)

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