Chapter 10

Question 1

Carl Rogers: Life

Answer 1

1902-1987
Born in suburb of Chicago
-strict, religious parents focused their view
-rural life and fascination with science

Question 2

Roger’s Life Continued

Answer 2

• Studied ministry, then child study–underprivileged children
• unique approach to counseling
• worked to bring clinical psychology to the mainstream
• distinguished career

Question 3

Rogers: the Self and Tendency toward Actualization

Answer 3

Actualization Tendency:
-basic human motivation to actualize, maintain, and enhance the self. process involves difficult growth

Organismic valuing process
-process of judging based on value for actualization and growth

Question 4

Rogers: Experiential World

Answer 4

Phenomenology:
only reliable reality is subjective experience and inner perception of reality
-our experiences become the only basis for our judgements and behaviours

Question 5

Rogers: Self in Childhood

Answer 5

positive regard:

• acceptance, love, and approval from others
• universal and persistent need

Question 6

Rogers: Self in Childhood 1

Answer 6

unconditional positive regard: approval regardless of one’s behaviour

Positive self-regard:
-condition under which we grant ourselves acceptance and approval

Question 7

Rogers: Self in Childhood 2

Answer 7

conditions of worth:
belief that we are only worthy approval for desirable behaviors and attitudes

Conditional positive regard:
approval and acceptance granted only when person exhibits desirable behaviours

Question 8

Rogers: Self in Childhood 3

Answer 8

Incongruence:

• discrepancy between self concept and experience
• incongruent experiences become threatening
• psychological adjustment is compatibility between self concept and experiences

Question 9

Rogers: Characteristics of Fully functioning persons 1

Answer 9

• self-actualization
• developing all facets of the self
• desired result of psychological development

Question 10

Rogers: Characteristics of Fully Functioning Persons 2

Answer 10

• aware of all experience
• live richly and fully in every moment
• trust in own organism
• feel free to make choices
• are creative and live constructively
• may face difficulties

Question 11

Roger’s Questions about Nature

Answer 11

• free will
• focus more on nurture influences
• present focus
• uniqueness and universality
• growth process
• optimistic

Question 12

Rogers Assessment:

Answer 12

Person-Centered Therapy

• therapy approach
• client is assumed to be responsible for changing
• focus on subjective experience

Encounter Groups:

• group therapy for learning about feelings and relating
• others developed tests of experience

Question 13

Rogers: research

Answer 13

Focus: client self-report

• person-centered therapy
• openness to experience
• acceptance of self
• emotional adjustment

*first to film therapy sessions for research

Q-sort Technique:
self report technique for assessing self-concept

Question 14

Rogers: Contributions

Answer 14

• person-centered therapy became popular, highly accessible
• core concepts accepted by other orientations
• emphasis on self-concept widely recognized

Question 15

Rogers: Criticisms

Answer 15

• Lack of clarification of mechanisms

- criticized for influences outside of person’s perspectives