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Astronomy > Chapter 9 :) > Flashcards

Chapter 9 :) Flashcards

1
Q

Asteroids are _______ leftovers of planet formations

A

rocky

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2
Q

whats the largest asteroid?

A

Ceres with a diameter of 1000 km

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3
Q

are large asteroids or small ones more common?

A

small asteroids

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4
Q

how many asteroids are listed in catalogs?

A

150,000

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5
Q

how many asteroids have a diameter greater than 1 kilometer?

A

over a million

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6
Q

all the asteroids in the SS would not add up to a what?

A

to even a small terrestrial planet

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7
Q

most asteroids orbit in a belt that is between what two planets?

A

mars and jupiter

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8
Q

what asteroids follow jupiters orbit?

A

Trojan Asteroids

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9
Q

orbit of ____________ asteroids cross earths orbit

A

near-Earth

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10
Q

rocky planetesimals between mars and jupiter did not what?

A

accrete into a planet

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11
Q

jupiter’s gravity through influence of ______________, stirred up asteroid orbits and prevented their accretion into a planet

A

orbital resonances

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12
Q

define meteorite

A

a rock (fragment of an asteroid) from space that falls Earth’s atmosphere

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13
Q

define meteor

A

bright trail left by a meteorite. pea size particles, do not hit the earth’s surface

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14
Q

Primitive Meteorite

A

Unchanged in composition since they first formed (condensed and accreted) 4.6 billion years

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15
Q

Processed Meteorite

A

younger, have experienced processes like volcanism and differentiation. (high metal content: chunks of the core of larger asteroid that was shattered by a collision)

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16
Q

Metal rich processed meteorite-

A

made of iron and other metals that came from shattered asteroid’s core

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17
Q

rocky processed meteorite

A

resembles volcanic rocks formed on earth

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18
Q

a _____ meteorite arrive from the moon and mars

A

few

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19
Q

from what does the asteroid fragments differ?

A

composition

20
Q

composition is a cheap way to what

A

acquire moon rocks and mars rocks

21
Q

where did comets form?

A

beyond the frost line

22
Q

what are comets?

A

icy counterpart to asteroids

23
Q

the nucleus of a comets is like…

A

a dirty snowball

24
Q

most comets do not have what?

A

tails

25
Q

most comets remain what in the outer solar system?

A

frozen

26
Q

only comets that enter the inner solar system

A

grow tails (pointing away from sun)

27
Q

what is coma?

A

an atmosphere that comes from heated nucleus

28
Q

what is (straight) plasma tail?

A

gas escaping from coma, pushed by solar wind

29
Q

(curved) dust tail is

A

pushed by photons

30
Q

comets eject small particles that..

A

follow the comet around in its orbit and cause meteor showers (pea sized particle from a comet) when earth crosses the comet’s orbit

31
Q

only a tiny number of comets enter the _______

A

inner solar system; most stay far away far from the sun

32
Q

oort cloud

A

on random orbits extending to about 5,000 AU

33
Q

Kuiper belt

A

on orderly orbits from 30-100 AU in a disk of solar system

34
Q

where do kuiper belt comets form?

A

the kuiper belt

35
Q

Kuiper belt is…

A
  • a flat plane aligned with the planetary orbits
  • orbiting in the same direction as the planets
  • counterparts of asteroid belt
36
Q

what comets where once closer to the sun? why were they kicked farther out?

A

oort cloud comets, kicked farther out by gravitational interactions with jovian planets.

37
Q

oort cloud comets

A

extremely elliptical orbit, orbiting in any direction

spherical distribution

38
Q

is pluto a planet?

A

discovered in 1930 (only 80 years ago)

  • much smaller than 8 major planets
  • not a gas giant like outer planets
  • has icy composition like comet
  • very elliptical, inclined orbit
  • pluto has more in common with comets than with any major planet
39
Q

what is eris?

A

an iceball larger than pluto, discovered in 2005

40
Q

what is the name of eris’ moon?

A

Dysnomia

41
Q

where is there many icy objects like pluto on elliptical, inclined orbit?

A

Beyond neptune

42
Q

how big are the biggest icy objects beyond neptune?

A

the size of earths moon

43
Q

earth has been hit by many…

A

asteroids and comets

44
Q

major impacts on earth are very…

A

rare

45
Q

a major impact is only a

A

matter of time, not IF but WHEN

46
Q

major damage by an impact

A

in tens to hundreds of years

Astronomy (6 decks)

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