Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Astronomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Velocity

A

Speed and Direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acceleration

A

Any change in velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we describe motion?

A

Speed: Rate at which object moves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Speed

A

distance/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gravity (meters/ seconds squared)

A

9.8 m/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Momentum

A

mass x velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All falling objects (disregarding weight)

A

fall at the same rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Higher velocity means…

A

higher momentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Net force changes…

A

momentum (meaning an acceleration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Angular Momentum

A

the rotational momentum of a spinning (orbiting) object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gravitational force

A

Relativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mass

A

amount of matter in an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Weight

A

force that acts upon an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are you weightless?

A

in a free-fall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

On the moon, what is less? which stays the same?

A

your weight is less

your mass is the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why are astronauts weightless in space?

A

there is gravity in space,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

weightlessness is is due to..

A

constant state of free fall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Newtons first law of motion?

A
  • an object in motion will remain in motion, unless a net forces acts on it
  • Law of inertia (Voyager Spacecraft)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Newtons second law of motion?

A

F = mass x accerelation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Newtons third law of motion?

A

for every action there is a equal and opposite force

action and reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is the force that earth exerts on you larger, smaller, or the same as the force you exert on it?

A

Earth and you exert equal and opposite forces on each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

angular momentum =

A

mass x velocity x radius

23
Q

angular momentum

A

keeps the planet orbiting the sun

24
Q

angular momentum of an object

A
  • unless an external twisting force is acting on it

- earths rotation and orbit will continue indefinitely

25
Q

Angular momentum conservation

A

why objects rotate faster when they shrink in radius

-ex. collapse of stars

26
Q

kinetic

A

motion

27
Q

radioactive

A

light

28
Q

energy can change

A

but cannot be destroyed

29
Q

thermal energy

A

collective kinetic energy of many particles

30
Q

temperature

A

average kinetic energy of the many particles in a subject

31
Q

0 degree kelvin

A

no motion

32
Q

Gravitational potential energy depends on..

A
  • objects mass
  • strength of gravity
  • the distance an object could potentially fall
33
Q

at the highest point

A

more gravitational potential energy and less kinetic energy

34
Q

Mass energy

A

mass itself is a form of energy

35
Q

E =

A
  • 90 million

- mc^2

36
Q

Conservation of energy

A
  • energy can neither be created nor destroyed
  • it can change from or be exchanged between objects

-total energy content was determined in big bang

37
Q

what determines the strength of gravity?

A

Universal law of gravitational

38
Q

1st universal law of gravitation

A

every mass attracts other other mass

39
Q

2nd universal law of gravitation

A

attraction is directly proportional to the product of their masses

40
Q

3rd universal law of gravitation

A

attraction is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers

41
Q

Fg =

A

G (m1m2)/D^2

42
Q

How does Newtons law of gravity extend Keplers law?

A
  • Kepler’s first law applies to all objects, not just planets
  • ellipses are not only orbital paths
43
Q

Newton generalized kepler’s 3rd law

A

then you calculate mass of the larger object

  • we could calculate mass of something if we know something that orbits it.
  • like we could measure Jupiter’s mass from orbital period and distance of one of its moons.
44
Q

Slower…

A

less kinetic energy

45
Q

Escape Velocity

A
  1. 2 km

- could travel into the solar system

46
Q

escape and orbital velocities

A

do not depend on mass

47
Q

How does gravity use tides?

A

difference in the moon’s gravitational pull stretches earth.

-moons pull harder on near side of earth than on far side

48
Q

Hubble space telescope speed?

A

8km per second (international space station)

49
Q

spring tides

A
  • strong tides (full and new moon)

- maximum every 6 hours

50
Q

neep tides

A

-tides not so extreme (3rd quarter & 1st quarter moon)

51
Q

moon effects are how many more times stronger than the sun?

A

2

52
Q

Tidal Friction

A

gradually slows Earth’s rotation (makes moon further from earth)

53
Q

Size of tides depend on

A

phase of the moon

Astronomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions