Chapter 8

Question 1

jupiter and saturn are mostly what gases?

Answer 1

H and He gas

Question 2

Uranus and Neptune mostly what?

Answer 2

mostly hydrogen compounds; water H2O, CH4, NH3

Question 3

Uranus has most extreme what?

Answer 3

seasonal change (rotation/tilt)

Question 4

Jovian planet formation

Answer 4

beyond the frost line planetesimals could form ice

Question 5

Hydrogen compounds are ________ than rock/metal so jovian planets got ______ and acquired H/He atmospheres

Answer 5

more abundant
got bigger
(more massive but less dense than terrestrial planets)

Question 6

Jovian cores are very similar

Answer 6

mass of 10 earths

Question 7

Jovian planets differ in the amount of?

Answer 7

H/He accumulated

Question 8

timing : the planet that forms earliest captures what?

Answer 8

he most Hydrogen and helium gas

Question 9

capture ceases after what?

Answer 9

the first solar wind blows the left over gas away

Question 10

Location : the planet who forms in the denser part of the nebula what?

Answer 10

forms its core first

Question 11

density differences: why are uranus and neptune denser than saturn?

Answer 11

they have less h/he gas and more hydrogen compounds and rocks, proportionately

Question 12

jupiter is denser than saturn :

adding mass to a jovian planet ______ the underlying gas layers

Answer 12

compresses

Question 13

greater compressions is why jupiter is not much larger than saturn

Answer 13

although it is 3 times more massive

Question 14

jovian planets with even more _____ can be ______ than jupiter

Answer 14

mass

smaller

Question 15

what are jovian planets like on the inside?

Answer 15

internal heat: from gravitational potential energy into thermal energy by contracting

Question 16

describe the interiors of jovian planets

Answer 16

• no solid surface
• high pressure and high temperatures
• cores made up of hydrogen and compounds, metals and rocks
• layers are differnt for planets

Question 17

inside jupiter

Answer 17

• the core is thought to be made of rock, metals, and hydrogen compounds
• core is the same size as earth but 10x more massive

Question 18

jupiters atmosphere

Answer 18

• hydrogen compounds in Jupiter form clouds

- different cloud layers corresponds to freezing points of different hydrogen compounds

Question 19

methane gas on neptune and uranus absorbs

Answer 19

red light but transmits blue light

Question 20

blue lights reflects off ______ making those planets look blue

Answer 20

methane clouds

Question 21

jupiters great red spot

Answer 21

• a storm twice as wide as earth

- has existed for at least 3 centuries

Question 22

Ios Volcanoes

Answer 22

volcanic eruptions continue to change ios surface, impact craters have all been buried in lava flows

Question 23

tidal heaing

Answer 23

Io is squished and stretched as its orbits jupiter causing volcanoes

Question 24

io orbits around jupier in how many days?

Answer 24

1 1/2, highly elliptical

Question 25

Europas interior also warmed by ______

Answer 25

tidal heating

Question 26

titans is the only moon in the solar system that….

Answer 26

has a thick atmosphere

Question 27

titans atmosphere consists mainly of ?

Answer 27

nitrogen, with some argon, methane and ethane

Question 28

what provided the first look at titans surface?

Answer 28

Huygens probe in 2005

Question 29

what did titans surface have?

Answer 29

liquid ethane/methane, “rocks” made of ice

Question 30

neptunes moon triton is similar to what?

Answer 30

pluto but bigger

Question 31

what does triton have?

Answer 31

• evidence for past geological activity
• thin atmosphere
• coldest large moon

Question 32

jovian planets all have what?

Answer 32

ring systems, others have ring particles that are smaller and darker than saturn

Question 33

what are planetary rings like?

Answer 33

nearer to the planet than any of the planets large moons

-orbiting equatorial plane of their planet

Question 34

what are saturns rings like?

Answer 34

they are made of numerous, icy individual particles
they orbit over the equator
they are very thin (flattening via collisions)

Question 35

rocky planets vs icy moons

Answer 35

-rocks melt at higher temp.
- only large planets have enough heat for activity
-

• ice melts at lower temperatures
• tidal heating can melt internal ice, driving activity