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harrison > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Process of making stuff with machines

A

Industrialization

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2
Q

Agriculture Revolution

A

Wealthy people start buying out frames

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3
Q

Enclosure Movement

A
  1. Endorsing their land
  2. Experimenting with crop rotation
  3. Population grows
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4
Q
  1. Increased sheep meat by selective breeding

2. Raised food supply

A

Bakewell

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5
Q

Made the seed drill

A

Tull

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6
Q

Where did Industrialization start and why?

A

England

–had a surplus of what we need

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7
Q

What do you need to industrialize?

A
  1. Power source–water or coal
  2. Heavy metal–machines
  3. Transportation–rivers
  4. Harbors
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8
Q

Why else was it easy to industrialize in Britain

A
  1. Stability or government

2. Steady economy

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9
Q

British 3 factors of Production

A
  1. Land
  2. Labor
  3. Capital (money)
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10
Q

Flying Shuttle

A

Kay

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11
Q

What came after the flying shuttle?

A

Spinning Jenny

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12
Q

Water Frame

A

Arkwright

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13
Q

Power loom

A

Cartwright

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14
Q

Where did all the Cotten come from?

A

American South

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15
Q

Cotton Gin and what did it do?

A

Whitney and it picked cotton

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16
Q

Improved steam engine

A

Watt

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17
Q

Who did watt team up with and what was his job?

A

Boulton–entrepreneur

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18
Q

Fulton

A

Clermont

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19
Q

Paved roads

A

McAdam

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20
Q

Railroad

A

Trevithick

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21
Q

Where was the first railroad and how long was it?

A

Yorkshire to Stockton

27 miles

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22
Q

Urban

A

Poor

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23
Q

Suburb

A

Rich

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24
Q

What was the perks of railroads?

A

Cheap and reliable

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25
Q

What changed about classes?

A

Class distinction based on where you live

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26
Q

City building and movement of people to cities

A

urbanization

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27
Q

What was the need for industrialization?

A
  • no sanitary codes
  • Unpaved streets
  • sickness
  • short life expectancy
  • factories were dangerous
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28
Q

Larger ____ emerged

Examples: farmers, skilled workers, business people, etc.

A

middle class

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29
Q

Who destroyed machines?

A

Luddites

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30
Q

Who was replaced by machines?

A

Working class

31
Q

Positive effect of the Industrial Revolution

A

Living conditions improved

32
Q

What act restricted working age and hours

A

Factory Act

33
Q

What was wrong with factories?

A

Polluted environment, blackened the air, poisoned the river

34
Q

Who had the resources to industrialize?

A

Britain and US

35
Q

What pushed the US to industrialize

A

War of 1812

36
Q

Who snuck out of Britain and made us a spinning machine?

A

Slater

37
Q

First factory in the US and where was it?

A

Brown and Rhode Island

38
Q

What happened by 1813

A

Every step of making cloth was mechanized

39
Q

What would girls do? How long?

A

“Mill Girls’

independence, good wages, 12 hours a day, 6 days a week

40
Q

Where did early industrialization concentrate in?

A

Northeast

41
Q

What happened after the Civil War?

A

Light Bulb, Telephone, Population, Railroads

42
Q

Business owned by stockholders who share its profits but not responsible for debts

A

Corporation

43
Q

Standard Oil

A

Rockefeller

44
Q

Carnegie Steel

A

Carnegie

45
Q

Went to Belgium illegally, and made spinning factories

A

Cockerill

46
Q

What slowed the spread of industrialization revolution to Europe?

A

Napoleonic Wars

47
Q

Who imported Brit machinery and engineers, and sent kids to Brit to study management?

A

Germany

48
Q

Why wouldn’t other regions industrialize?

A

Didn’t have the resources

49
Q

Who industrialized slowly, was strictly controlled by government, and avoided problems?

A

France

50
Q

what was the impact of Industrialization?

A
  1. Shifted Balance of Power
  2. Competition between industrialized nations
  3. Poverty grew
51
Q

What fueled social reforms?

A
  1. Population and Health and life expectancy went up
  2. Transportation went up
  3. Education Opportunities
52
Q

Economic policy of letting owners set working condition.

A

Laissez Faire

“let do”

53
Q

“Wealth of Nations”

  • free market system
  • three laws
A

Smith

54
Q

What were Smiths 3 laws?

A

Interest
Competition
Supply and Demand

55
Q

Who said that population would grow faster than food supply, and we need wars and epidemics

A

Malthus

56
Q

Who said that the permanent underclass will always be poor?

A

Ricardo

57
Q

He introduced utilitarianism

A

Bentham

58
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Judge ideas, institutions, and actions based on their usefulness

59
Q
  • built houses in Scotland for workers
  • Free schooling
  • tried to make a Utopian Society
A

Owen

60
Q

Who started Socialism and what is it?

A

Fourier and St. Simon

Everything is owned by the people and operated for the good of people

61
Q

Communist Manifesto

A

Karl Marx

62
Q

What is Marxism

A

thought that there were only two classes: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat

63
Q

What did Karl Marx think would happen to the two classes?

A

Proletariat would overthrow the Bourgeoisie, and then they would only make what was necessary and they would always look the same

64
Q

Workers joined together

A

Unions

65
Q

Refusing to Work

A

Strikes

66
Q

Unions joined together

A

AFL

67
Q

Started to fight for themselves

A

Unions and Strikes

68
Q

Combination Act of 1750

A

outlawed unions and strikes in Britain

69
Q

Mines Act of 1842

A

No women or children underground

70
Q

Factory Act of 1833

A

No one under 9 could work,
ages 9-12 can work for 8 hours a day
13-17 can work 12 hours a day

71
Q

Why are unions good?

A

Forced the government to lok at how factories were ran

72
Q

Ten Hours Act

A

10 hours max for women and children

73
Q

Wilber Force

A

let fight for abolition of slavery

74
Q

Mann

A

Free public education for all kids

harrison (8 decks)

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