Chapter 9 Flashcards
Process of making stuff with machines
Industrialization
Agriculture Revolution
Wealthy people start buying out frames
Enclosure Movement
- Endorsing their land
- Experimenting with crop rotation
- Population grows
- Increased sheep meat by selective breeding
2. Raised food supply
Bakewell
Made the seed drill
Tull
Where did Industrialization start and why?
England
–had a surplus of what we need
What do you need to industrialize?
- Power source–water or coal
- Heavy metal–machines
- Transportation–rivers
- Harbors
Why else was it easy to industrialize in Britain
- Stability or government
2. Steady economy
British 3 factors of Production
- Land
- Labor
- Capital (money)
Flying Shuttle
Kay
What came after the flying shuttle?
Spinning Jenny
Water Frame
Arkwright
Power loom
Cartwright
Where did all the Cotten come from?
American South
Cotton Gin and what did it do?
Whitney and it picked cotton
Improved steam engine
Watt
Who did watt team up with and what was his job?
Boulton–entrepreneur
Fulton
Clermont
Paved roads
McAdam
Railroad
Trevithick
Where was the first railroad and how long was it?
Yorkshire to Stockton
27 miles
Urban
Poor
Suburb
Rich
What was the perks of railroads?
Cheap and reliable
What changed about classes?
Class distinction based on where you live
City building and movement of people to cities
urbanization
What was the need for industrialization?
- no sanitary codes
- Unpaved streets
- sickness
- short life expectancy
- factories were dangerous
Larger ____ emerged
Examples: farmers, skilled workers, business people, etc.
middle class
Who destroyed machines?
Luddites
Who was replaced by machines?
Working class
Positive effect of the Industrial Revolution
Living conditions improved
What act restricted working age and hours
Factory Act
What was wrong with factories?
Polluted environment, blackened the air, poisoned the river
Who had the resources to industrialize?
Britain and US
What pushed the US to industrialize
War of 1812
Who snuck out of Britain and made us a spinning machine?
Slater
First factory in the US and where was it?
Brown and Rhode Island
What happened by 1813
Every step of making cloth was mechanized
What would girls do? How long?
“Mill Girls’
independence, good wages, 12 hours a day, 6 days a week
Where did early industrialization concentrate in?
Northeast
What happened after the Civil War?
Light Bulb, Telephone, Population, Railroads
Business owned by stockholders who share its profits but not responsible for debts
Corporation
Standard Oil
Rockefeller
Carnegie Steel
Carnegie
Went to Belgium illegally, and made spinning factories
Cockerill
What slowed the spread of industrialization revolution to Europe?
Napoleonic Wars
Who imported Brit machinery and engineers, and sent kids to Brit to study management?
Germany
Why wouldn’t other regions industrialize?
Didn’t have the resources
Who industrialized slowly, was strictly controlled by government, and avoided problems?
France
what was the impact of Industrialization?
- Shifted Balance of Power
- Competition between industrialized nations
- Poverty grew
What fueled social reforms?
- Population and Health and life expectancy went up
- Transportation went up
- Education Opportunities
Economic policy of letting owners set working condition.
Laissez Faire
“let do”
“Wealth of Nations”
- free market system
- three laws
Smith
What were Smiths 3 laws?
Interest
Competition
Supply and Demand
Who said that population would grow faster than food supply, and we need wars and epidemics
Malthus
Who said that the permanent underclass will always be poor?
Ricardo
He introduced utilitarianism
Bentham
Utilitarianism
Judge ideas, institutions, and actions based on their usefulness
- built houses in Scotland for workers
- Free schooling
- tried to make a Utopian Society
Owen
Who started Socialism and what is it?
Fourier and St. Simon
Everything is owned by the people and operated for the good of people
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
What is Marxism
thought that there were only two classes: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
What did Karl Marx think would happen to the two classes?
Proletariat would overthrow the Bourgeoisie, and then they would only make what was necessary and they would always look the same
Workers joined together
Unions
Refusing to Work
Strikes
Unions joined together
AFL
Started to fight for themselves
Unions and Strikes
Combination Act of 1750
outlawed unions and strikes in Britain
Mines Act of 1842
No women or children underground
Factory Act of 1833
No one under 9 could work,
ages 9-12 can work for 8 hours a day
13-17 can work 12 hours a day
Why are unions good?
Forced the government to lok at how factories were ran
Ten Hours Act
10 hours max for women and children
Wilber Force
let fight for abolition of slavery
Mann
Free public education for all kids
