Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Process of making stuff with machines
A
Industrialization
2
Q
Agriculture Revolution
A
Wealthy people start buying out frames
3
Q
Enclosure Movement
A
- Endorsing their land
- Experimenting with crop rotation
- Population grows
4
Q
- Increased sheep meat by selective breeding
2. Raised food supply
A
Bakewell
5
Q
Made the seed drill
A
Tull
6
Q
Where did Industrialization start and why?
A
England
–had a surplus of what we need
7
Q
What do you need to industrialize?
A
- Power source–water or coal
- Heavy metal–machines
- Transportation–rivers
- Harbors
8
Q
Why else was it easy to industrialize in Britain
A
- Stability or government
2. Steady economy
9
Q
British 3 factors of Production
A
- Land
- Labor
- Capital (money)
10
Q
Flying Shuttle
A
Kay
11
Q
What came after the flying shuttle?
A
Spinning Jenny
12
Q
Water Frame
A
Arkwright
13
Q
Power loom
A
Cartwright
14
Q
Where did all the Cotten come from?
A
American South
15
Q
Cotton Gin and what did it do?
A
Whitney and it picked cotton
16
Q
Improved steam engine
A
Watt
17
Q
Who did watt team up with and what was his job?
A
Boulton–entrepreneur
18
Q
Fulton
A
Clermont
19
Q
Paved roads
A
McAdam
20
Q
Railroad
A
Trevithick
21
Q
Where was the first railroad and how long was it?
A
Yorkshire to Stockton
27 miles
22
Q
Urban
A
Poor
23
Q
Suburb
A
Rich
24
Q
What was the perks of railroads?
A
Cheap and reliable
25
What changed about classes?
Class distinction based on where you live
26
City building and movement of people to cities
urbanization
27
What was the need for industrialization?
* no sanitary codes
* Unpaved streets
* sickness
* short life expectancy
* factories were dangerous
28
Larger ____ emerged
| Examples: farmers, skilled workers, business people, etc.
middle class
29
Who destroyed machines?
Luddites
30
Who was replaced by machines?
Working class
31
Positive effect of the Industrial Revolution
Living conditions improved
32
What act restricted working age and hours
Factory Act
33
What was wrong with factories?
Polluted environment, blackened the air, poisoned the river
34
Who had the resources to industrialize?
Britain and US
35
What pushed the US to industrialize
War of 1812
36
Who snuck out of Britain and made us a spinning machine?
Slater
37
First factory in the US and where was it?
Brown and Rhode Island
38
What happened by 1813
Every step of making cloth was mechanized
39
What would girls do? How long?
"Mill Girls'
| independence, good wages, 12 hours a day, 6 days a week
40
Where did early industrialization concentrate in?
Northeast
41
What happened after the Civil War?
Light Bulb, Telephone, Population, Railroads
42
Business owned by stockholders who share its profits but not responsible for debts
Corporation
43
Standard Oil
Rockefeller
44
Carnegie Steel
Carnegie
45
Went to Belgium illegally, and made spinning factories
Cockerill
46
What slowed the spread of industrialization revolution to Europe?
Napoleonic Wars
47
Who imported Brit machinery and engineers, and sent kids to Brit to study management?
Germany
48
Why wouldn't other regions industrialize?
Didn't have the resources
49
Who industrialized slowly, was strictly controlled by government, and avoided problems?
France
50
what was the impact of Industrialization?
1. Shifted Balance of Power
2. Competition between industrialized nations
3. Poverty grew
51
What fueled social reforms?
1. Population and Health and life expectancy went up
2. Transportation went up
3. Education Opportunities
52
Economic policy of letting owners set working condition.
Laissez Faire
| "let do"
53
"Wealth of Nations"
* free market system
* three laws
Smith
54
What were Smiths 3 laws?
Interest
Competition
Supply and Demand
55
Who said that population would grow faster than food supply, and we need wars and epidemics
Malthus
56
Who said that the permanent underclass will always be poor?
Ricardo
57
He introduced utilitarianism
Bentham
58
Utilitarianism
Judge ideas, institutions, and actions based on their usefulness
59
* built houses in Scotland for workers
* Free schooling
* tried to make a Utopian Society
Owen
60
Who started Socialism and what is it?
Fourier and St. Simon
| Everything is owned by the people and operated for the good of people
61
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
62
What is Marxism
thought that there were only two classes: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
63
What did Karl Marx think would happen to the two classes?
Proletariat would overthrow the Bourgeoisie, and then they would only make what was necessary and they would always look the same
64
Workers joined together
Unions
65
Refusing to Work
Strikes
66
Unions joined together
AFL
67
Started to fight for themselves
Unions and Strikes
68
Combination Act of 1750
outlawed unions and strikes in Britain
69
Mines Act of 1842
No women or children underground
70
Factory Act of 1833
No one under 9 could work,
ages 9-12 can work for 8 hours a day
13-17 can work 12 hours a day
71
Why are unions good?
Forced the government to lok at how factories were ran
72
Ten Hours Act
10 hours max for women and children
73
Wilber Force
let fight for abolition of slavery
74
Mann
Free public education for all kids
