Chapter 11 Flashcards
what is imperialism?
the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
who went deep into Africa to promote Christianity?
David Livingstone
American reporter Stanley was sent into the interior of Africa to find him and did
why couldn’t the Europeans travel into the interior of Africa?
Europeans could not navigate the wild rivers and there were diseases like malaria
tribal armies also kept them out
who did the African tribes in the Congo region give control of their land to?
King Leopold II of Belgium
Why did Belgium take over the lands in the Congo?
To try to make things right and to treat the congolese better
When King Leopold was forced to give up the Congo and the Belgium took over it, were the Congolese treated any better?
they were treated a little better but not much.
What is Social Darwinism? HOw did this idea justify European imperialism?
the belief that Europeans were the best, better than Africans and that they should survive since they were better
create a list of factors promoting imperialism in Africa.
Europe’s technology: steam engine, gun-maxim, quinine
What was the Berlin Conference? Who was left out? What were the two rules decided at the conference?
made rules for division of Africa without any African leaders present. 14 countries met.
- any country could claim land by notifying the other European nations
- they had to show their control of land they claimed
How did the Euros expect the Afs to participate in trade? Why didnt they?
Euros expected Afs to buy euro-made products. they did not cause they got everything they needed from each other.
WHAT THREE GROUPS FOUGHT FOR CONTROL OF SOUTH AFRICA?
ZULU, BOERS, AND BRITISH
ZULU-NATIVE AMERICANS
BOERS-DUTCH
WHO EVENTUALLY WON CONTROL OF SOUTH AFRICA?
BRITAIN: CONQUER BOERS AND ZULU
WHAT IS INDIRECT CONTROL? DIRECT CONTROL?
INDIRECT: the local rulers were used, but were limited by European person telling the leaders what to do.
DIRECT: foreign officials were brought in to rule.
WHAT IS ASSIMILATION? ASSOCIATION?
ASSIMILATION: policy based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French. (Not only French did this) DOES NOT WORK
ASSOCIATION: similar to indirect control. recognized African institutions and culture but regarded them as inferior to French culture. result of failure to assimilate.
WHAT DID THE AFRICANS BELIEVE WOULD HAPPEN DURING THE MAJI MAJI REBELLION?
THEIR ANCESTORS WOULD RETURN TO LIFE AND ASSIST THEIR STRUGGLE.
COULD SPRINKLE MAJIC WATER ON THEIR BODIES THAT WOULD TURN GERMANS’ BULLETS TO WATER.
WHO WAS THE LEADER OF ETHIOPIA THAT KEPT THEM INDEPENDENT? HOW DID HE DO IT?
MENELIK II; HE PLAYED ITALIANS, FRENCH, AND BRITISH AGAINST EACH OTHER AND BUILT UP A LARGE ARSENAL OF WEAPONS USED TO DEFEAT THE ITALIANS IN THE BATTLE OF ADOWA
NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE EFFECTS OF COLONIAL RULE
NEGATIVE: africans lost independence and control of their land, diseases:smallpox, famines, losing culture, identity problems, artificial boundaries
POSITIVE: reduced local warfare, improved sanitation and infrastructure, economic expansion, provided hospitals and schools, lifespans increased, literacy rates improved
WHO TRIED TO REFORM THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE? WHY DID IT FAIL?
SELIM III, older janissary corps resisted his efforts and he was overthrown
WHAT IS GEOPOLITICS?
AN INTEREST IN OR TAKING OF LAND FOR ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION OR PRODUCTS AND NATURAL RESOURCES.
WHO WAS FIGHTING WHO IN THE CRIMEAN WAR? WHAT DID BOTH SIDES WANT?
RUSSIA VS. OTTOMANS
BRITISH AND FRENCH HELPED OTTOMANS
RUSSIA WANTED THE BLACK SEA
BRITS AND FR DID NOT WANT RUSSIA TO GAIN ANY MORE CONTROL OF OTTOMAN LANDS
WHAT TWO FIRSTS HAPPENED IN THE CRIMEAN WAR?
FIRST WAR COVERED BY NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENTS, AND FIRST WAR IN WHICH WOMEN WERE ARMY NURSES.
