Chapter 7 Flashcards
Pros and cons about France
Good: great trade, most advanced country
Bad: bad harvests, high taxes, high prices
Old regime
Social and political system divided people into 3 estates/classes
Clergy
1% of population
10% of land
Nobles
2% of pop
20% of land
Third estate
97% of population
Who was in the 3rd estate?
Bourgeoisie
Workers
Peasants
Middle class
High taxes
Wealthy
Bourgeoisie
Low wages
Out of work often
Workers
80%
Half of income in taxes
Peasanrs
Where did the desire for change come from?
Enlightenment and economic troubles
Inspired by new ideas
Enlightenment
Demanded equality, liberty, and democracy
American revolution
Heavy taxes
Cost of living rising
Crops fail
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were spending too much
Economic troubles
Estate General
And where?
Assembly of reps from the estates
Versailles
Old rules of estate general and what’s changed?
Each estate met separately and each got one vote
Now, all states meet together and each delegate gets one vote
1st deliberate act of the Revolution
National Assembly Formed
Tennis Court Oath
Pledged to stay at indoor tennis court until they wrote a new constitution
Back in Paris
Rumors flying—thought they needed to defend theirselves
Slogan of the French Revolution
Liberty, equality, fraternity
Early reforms
Took over church lands, declared Church officials and priest to be elected
What pissed off the peasants?
They wanted the church to be independent
Radical on the Left
Opposed monarchy
Moderates in the Middle
Some changes
Conservatives on Right
Limited monarchy, few changes
Émigrés
Nobles that had fled but returned–wanted old regime back
Sans culottes
Wanted bigger changes
What were Austria and Prussia afraid of?
What did they do about it?
Revolution spreading
They wanted Marie and Louis back on the throne and if not they would fight
Prussian troops surrounded Paris. What were their rules?
They wouldn’t attack if the royal family wasn’t harmed so they threw the family in prison to keep them safe
Jacobins
Radical political organization
Who edited a radical newspaper?
Murat
Who tried for treason and who put him to death?
Louis XVI
Guillotine
Who changed the calendar and closed churches? Why?
Robespierre
He tried to build republic virtue
Period of Robespierre
Head of committee of public safety
“Reign of Terror”
Who demanded Robespierre’s arrest and execution?
National convention
Who took over and made bicameral legislative, executive and directory?
Moderate leaders
What did Napoleon do that was so scandalous at the Notre Dame Cathedral?
Crowned himself emperor of france
What started war and where?
Planters demanded rights, so did the slaves, so this started a war at St. Dominique in the French Colony
Who did Napoleon sell land to and for how much?
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson $15 million
Who did British join to try to stop Napoleon?
British
Russia
Austria
Sweden
What is Napoleons strength and weakness?
Strength- land battle
Weakness- water battle
What was Napoleon worried about?
Worried about who would succeed him, so he divorced his wife and married Marie Louise of Austria
Who marched on the National Convention
Royalist rebels
Who was Napoleon told to protect?
Delegates
Who appointed Napoleon to lead the French army and against who?
Directory
Austria and Sardinia
What did Napoleon order troops to do?
Surround National Legislative
What was the Dissolved Directory?
3 consuls, Napoleon was one of them
Coup d’état
Blow to the state
Who joined together to stop Napoleon in 1799
England Austria and Russia
Plebiscite
Vote of People
What gave Consul all the power?
Plebiscite
Lycees
Government ran public schools
Concordat
agreement
Comprehensive system of laws
limited liberty and promoted order
authority over individual rights
Napoleonic Code
Napoleons 3 mistakes
Blockade with Europe and Britain
Peninsular War
Invasion of Russia
Continental System
used to make Europe self sufficient and to destroy Britains economy
Why was the Continental System thing dumb?
Brit controlled ocean
What was the Peninsular War?
Nap sent invasion through Spain trying to make them accept the Continental System
Guerrillas
Bands of Spanish peasant fighters
Why was the Invasion of Russia a mistake?
They got trapped in Moscow by Alexander stupidly, and lost many men on the way home by leaving the same way they came
Scorched Earth Policy
burning everything leaving nothing for the enemy to eat
Battle of Borodino
Went into Moscow (old capital) and thinking they had won, but Alexander destroyed it and was laughing from a distance
Why was Nap destined to lose at the Battle of Leipzig?
He had raised a new and untrained army
Why did Napoleon return to power after being banished and what was this called?
He returned because they all hated Louis XVII and 100 days
Waterloo
Battle Place in Belgium where Napoleon attacked the French and Lost one last time
Foreign Minister of Austria
Metternich
Series of Meetings in Vienna
Congress of Vienna
5 Great Powers
Russia Prussia Austria Britain France
What made the Dutch stronger?
adding land
Constitutional Monarchs
Britain and France
Holy Alliance
Russia
Prussia
Austria
to stop the Revolution
Concert of Europe
Help each other if Revolution breaks out
Nationalism is growing but…..
ideas of democracy not disappearing
