Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is Haploid and diploid
- Haploid One set of chromosomes is present
* Diploid two sets of chromosomes are present
What is Sexual and asexual reproduction
- Sexual reproduction alteration of meiosis and fertilization
- Asexual reproduction mitotic division doesn’t involve the fusion of gametes
what are Gamete and zygote
- Gamete egg and sperm. Haploid
* Zygote signal cell. Diploid
What are Meiosis and mitosis
- Meiosis nuclear division that precede gamete formation. It results four daughter cells
- Mitosis the micro tubular apparatus is assembled and binds the chromosomes and pulls apart resulting two daughter cells
How many chromatids are present in a human gamete?
There are 23
Compare the life cycles of protists, plants, and animals.
- Protist spend most of its life cycle has a haploid undergoes meiosis a germ line cell
- Animals spend most of its life as a diploid undergoes meiosis
- Plants alternate from diploid and haploid undergoes mitosis
distinguishing between somatic and germ-line cells.
- Somatic cells body cells undergoes mitosis
* Germ-line cells gamete forming cells undergoes meiosis
How is the plant sexual life cycle different form the animal sexual life cycle?
The plant cells of a diploid individual under go meiosis forming gametes that divide repeatedly by mitosis to form a multicellular haploid
Outline what happens in the four stages of meiosis I, describing the process of crossing over.
- Prophase I. the two version of each chromosomes pair up at exchange segments
- Metaphase I. the chromosomes align on a central plane
- Anaphase I. the chromosomes move to each side of pole
- Telophase I. individual chromosomes gather together at the two poles
Outline the events of meiosis II, stating how many copies of each chromosome are present at the end.
- Prophase II New spindles form
- Metaphase II the spindles bind both sides of the chromosomes and lines them on the central plane
- Anaphase II the spindles pull the chromosomes apart and moves them to opposite poles
- Telophase II the nuclear envelope reforms around the four sets of daughter chromosomes
Do sister chromatids separate is meiosis I or II
Meiosis II
Explain the two unique features that distinguish meiosis from mitosis.
- Synapsis the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I homologous chromosomes become closely associated
- Reduction division process of cell division in meiosis that reduces the chromosomes number in half
How do two sister chromatids entering meiosis II differ
They are not identical they each have different portions of each other
