Chapter 10 Flashcards
what did Mendel do different then anyone else?
actually counted the number and types of offspring
Why did Mendel used peas?
- Many varieties were available
- Mendel had an ideal what would happen
- peas are easy to grow, produce a lot of offspring and mature fast
- The pea’s reproductive organisms are in side the flower making it easy Mendel to cross the peas he wanted
what did Mendel find out when crossing two contrasting traits?
that one trait was dominant and the other was repressive
are all traits transmitted directly to the offspring?
no, not all traits are transmitted directly to the offspring. these are called genes
what is a homozygous gene?
A gene composed of two identical alleles (e.g., both dominant)
what is a heterozygous gene?
A gene composed of two different alleles (a dominant and a recessive).
what is an allele?
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
What is a phenotype?
the appearance of an individual organism
what is a genotype?
the genetic arrangement of an individual organism
what is the point of the punnet square?
to help predict the offspring’s genotype from any generation
what is a dihybrid?
a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes.
What is a monohybrid?
a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene
what is continuous variation?
the different variation of hight
what is pleiotropic effects?
individual allele has more then one effect on the phenotype
what is incomplete dominance
heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between parents
what is environmental effects?
alleles are expressed depends on the environment
what is co-dominance
the effect of both alleles that are expresses (eg. the roan color)
what is another name for a family tree
pedigree
what is a non-dis-junction
the failure of chromosomes to separate
what is aneuploidy?
an abnormal number of chromosomes this can lead to autism
what is monosomic?
lost one copy of an autosome
what is trisomic?
gained one autosome
what is klinefelter?
sterile male with female body characteristics
this is located on the y chromosome
what is turner syndrome?
sterile female short, webbed necked, and immature sex organs
