Chapter 9

Question 1

What are the 3 components of energy expenditure?

Answer 1

50-65%: BMR (basal metabolic rate) - activities to sustain life

25-50%: voluntary activity

5-10%: thermos effect for food (increased metabolism for ~5 hr after eating)

Question 2

What are some factors that affect BMR?

Answer 2

Age
Height
Growth
Body composition
Fever, stress
Environmental temp
Fasting, starvation, malnutrition
Thyroxin

Question 3

What factors should energy requirement calculations take into account?

Answer 3

• Anthropometry (measurements of shape)
  > waist circumference, skin folds, etc
• Density
  > underwater weighing
• Conductivity
• Radiographic

Question 4

What are the weight categories of the BMI?

Answer 4

< 18.5, Underweight
18.5 – 24.9, Healthy weight
25 – 29.9, Overweight
30 – 34.9, Obese class I
35 – 39.9, Obese class II
> 40, Obese class III

Question 5

How is body mass index calculated?

Answer 5

Weight / Height

Question 6

What is an issue with BMI?

Answer 6

It may misclassify people with larger bodies as “not healthy” or people in smaller bodies as “healthy” even when they are not

Question 7

What are key determinants of health?

Answer 7

MOST IMPACTFUL
>Income and social status
>Employment and working conditions >Education and literacy
>Childhood experiences
>Physical Environments
>Social supports and coping skills
>Healthy behaviors
>Access to health services
>Biology and genetic endowment
>Gender
>Culture
>Race / Racism
LEAST IMPACTFUL

Question 8

What is the difference between hunger and appetite?

Answer 8

Hunger: Physiological need to eat, sensation that demands relief

Appetite: Psychological desire to eat, learned motivation

Question 9

What is the difference between satiation and satiety?

Answer 9

Satiation: Perception of fullness that build
throughout meal

Satiety: Perception of fullness that lingers
after meal (inhibits eating until next
meal)

Question 10

What is leptin?

Answer 10

An appetite SUPPRESSING hormone produced in fat cells

Question 11

What is weight cycling?

Answer 11

The repeated pattern of losing and regaining weight, often through dieting, and is linked to negative health outcomes

Question 12

Define weight normative

Answer 12

• People who differ from normative size have a “disease” i.e., require explanation
• Fat tissue/weight is the focus of change and presumed to be the most powerful factor for better health

Question 13

Define weight inclusive

Answer 13

• Eventual body size might be the outcome of processes that can be normal or not, but no body size alone is inherently healthy or unhealthy
• How people are treated and determinants of health are the focus of change and presumed to be the most power factors