Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Simple CHO (sugars)
-monosaccharides
-disaccharides

Complex CHO or polysaccharides (starch and fibre)

Question 2

What are the divisions of monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 2

Monosaccharides
-Glucose
-Galactose
-Fructose

Disaccharides
-Sucrose (glu + fru)
-Maltose (glu + glu)
-Lactose (glu + gal)

Question 3

What is the difference between plant and animal forms of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Plant forms: starch and fibre

Animal form: glycogen

Question 4

In what food can sucrose, lactose, and maltose be found respectively?

Answer 4

Sucrose ~> table sugar

Lactose ~> milk sugar

Maltose ~> plant starches

Question 5

What is the DRI of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

45-65% of food

Question 6

What are the different types of fibre?

Answer 6

Water soluble fibre
found in oats, barley, rye, seeds, fruits, vegetables, legumes

Water insoluble fibre
found in brown rice, wheat bran, whole grains, seeds, fruits, vegetables, legumes

Question 7

What is refined fibre?

Answer 7

The husk, germ, and bran have been removed = lower in nutrients/fibre

Question 8

What is enriched flour?

Answer 8

Some or all of the nutrients lost in processing have been added back

Question 9

What is Ketosis?

Answer 9

When the body burns fat for energy because it does not have enough glucose

Question 10

How do type 1 and 2 diabetes differ?

Answer 10

Type 1: hyperglycemia due to little or no insulin produced by pancreas

Type 2: hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance (associated with obesity)