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Midterm > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are file attributes?

A

File attributes are metadata that provide specific qualities to a file.

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2
Q

What are the common NTFS file attributes?

A

Common NTFS file attributes include Read-only (R), Hidden (H), System (S), Archive (A), Encrypted, Indexing, and Perming Sys.

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3
Q

What does the Read-only (R) attribute do?

A

Prevents users from modifying the file.

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4
Q

What does the Hidden (H) attribute do?

A

Hides the file from standard file system views.

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5
Q

What does the System (S) attribute do?

A

Identifies the file as a system file and prevents deletion.

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6
Q

What does the Archive (A) attribute indicate?

A

Indicates if a file has been modified since the last backup.

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7
Q

What does the Encrypted attribute do?

A

Encrypts the file contents.

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8
Q

What does the Indexing attribute define?

A

Defines how the file is indexed for quick searching.

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9
Q

Which file attributes does FAT32 support?

A

FAT32 file system only supports Read-only (R), Hidden (H), System (S), and Archive (A) attributes.

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10
Q

What are NTFS permissions?

A

Only available for files on NTFS partitions, each file has an Access Control List (ACL) that defines user/group permissions.

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11
Q

What happens to NTFS permissions when moving files to a non-NTFS partition?

A

Moving files to a non-NTFS partition removes NTFS permissions.

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12
Q

How can file attributes be changed?

A

Change attributes through file/folder properties or using the Attrib command. Note: Attrib cannot change permissions.

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13
Q

What happens when copying files from NTFS to FAT32?

A

Copying files to FAT32 from NTFS results in loss of NTFS-specific attributes.

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14
Q

Where are the default locations for system files in Windows?

A

System files: %systemroot% or %windir% (typically C:\Windows), Fonts: C:\Windows\Fonts, Program files: %programfiles% (C:\Program Files and C:\Program Files (x86)), User files: %userprofile% (e.g., C:\Users\username).

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15
Q

What does the %systemdrive% variable denote?

A

Denotes the drive letter where Windows is installed.

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16
Q

What is a filename?

A

Consists of a file path and the file name, including the extension.

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17
Q

What do file extensions indicate?

A

File type and contents, and the program used for creation and modification.

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18
Q

What are the filename systems for FAT32 and NTFS?

A

FAT32 supports long filenames up to 255 characters, including spaces; NTFS supports Unicode, allowing 255 characters excluding /.

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19
Q

What characters should be avoided in filenames?

A

Characters to avoid include < > : / | | “ * ?.

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20
Q

What are common file types and their extensions?

A

Program files: exe, com; Batch files: bat.

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21
Q

What are system file extensions?

A

.dil (dynamic link library), .drv (device driver), .vxd (virtual device driver)

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22
Q

What are common document file extensions?

A

.rtf, .txt, .docx, .wpd, .wp5, .pptx, .pdf

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23
Q

What are common image file extensions?

A

.gif, .jpg, .png, .bmp

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24
Q

What are common audio file extensions?

A

.mp3, .wma

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25
Q

What is the common Windows Installer file extension?

A

.msi

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26
Q

What is the common compressed file extension?

A

.zip

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27
Q

What do file extension associations do?

A

Links a file type to the program used to create it.

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28
Q

How are file extension associations created?

A

Application installation automatically creates file extension associations.

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29
Q

What happens with unassociated file types?

A

They prompt for program selection upon opening.

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30
Q

How does Windows handle file extensions by default?

A

Windows hides extensions for associated files by default.

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31
Q

How can you change associated programs?

A

Through Default Programs in Control Panel or file properties.

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32
Q

How do you access Command Prompt?

A

Start > Search for ‘CMD’ or ‘Command’ > Select Command Prompt.

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33
Q

How do you run Command Prompt as an administrator?

A

Run as administrator for elevated permissions if needed.

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34
Q

What does the ‘help’ command do in Command Prompt?

A

Lists available commands.

35
Q

What does the ‘/?’ option do?

A

Displays detailed help for a specific command (e.g., rmdir /?).

36
Q

What does ‘| more’ do?

A

Displays output one screen at a time.

37
Q

What are the key commands for navigating output?

A

Press Enter for one line, Spacebar for a full screen, and Ctrl+C to exit while viewing output.

38
Q

What does the ‘Up arrow’ do in Command Prompt?

A

Recalls the previous command.

39
Q

What does the ‘Tab’ key do in Command Prompt?

A

Auto-completes paths and filenames.

40
Q

What does the ‘cd’ command do?

A

Changes the current directory.

41
Q

What does ‘cd [folder name]’ do?

A

Changes to the specified subdirectory.

42
Q

What does ‘cd..’ do?

A

Moves up one directory level.

43
Q

What does ‘cd /D [file] [path]’ do?

A

Changes the drive and directory.

44
Q

What does ‘cd' do?

A

Navigates to the root of the current drive.

45
Q

What does the ‘dir’ command do?

A

Lists files and subdirectories in the current directory.

46
Q

What does ‘dir /p’ do?

A

Pauses output for each page.

47
Q

What does ‘dir /s’ do?

A

Includes subdirectories in the listing.

48
Q

What does ‘dir /a [xx]’ do?

A

Displays files with specified attributes (e.g., /arh for read-only, hidden files).

49
Q

How do you exclude attributes in ‘dir’ command?

A

Use a hyphen (-) to exclude attributes (e.g., /a-r shows files that are not read-only).

50
Q

What does ‘md’ or ‘mkdir’ do?

A

Creates a directory in the current directory.

51
Q

What does ‘md [path] [directory]’ do?

A

Creates a directory at the specified path.

52
Q

What does ‘rmdir’ or ‘rd’ do?

A

Removes the specified directory within the current directory.

53
Q

What does rmdir or rd do?

A

Removes the specified directory within the current directory.

54
Q

How to remove a directory at a specified path?

A

Use the command: rmdir [path] [directory].

55
Q

What is the command to remove a directory and all its contents?

A

Use the command: rmdir [directory] /s.

Requires confirmation.

56
Q

How to remove a directory without confirmation?

A

Use the command: rmdir [directory] /q.

57
Q

What does the del command do?

A

Deletes the specified file (supports wildcards and multiple filenames).

58
Q

How to prompt for confirmation before deleting a file?

A

Use the command: del /p.

59
Q

What is the purpose of the copy command?

A

Copies the file to the new location.

60
Q

How to copy all files with specific extensions from a folder?

A

Use the command: copy [folder] [.] [path] [destination].

61
Q

What does the /a switch do in copy command?

A

Specifies an ASCII text file.

62
Q

What does the /b switch do in copy command?

A

Specifies a binary file.

63
Q

What does the /n switch do in copy command?

A

Uses short filenames.

64
Q

What does the /y switch do in copy command?

A

Overwrites without prompting.

65
Q

What does the /v switch do in copy command?

A

Verifies files after copying.

66
Q

How does copying between partitions affect attributes?

A

Copying from FAT32 to any partition retains attributes; copying from NTFS to FAT32 removes NTFS-specific attributes.

67
Q

What is the purpose of xcopy?

A

Copies files and directory trees.

68
Q

What does the /a switch do in xcopy?

A

Copies files with the archive attribute set.

69
Q

What does the /m switch do in xcopy?

A

Copies and turns off the archive attribute.

70
Q

What does the /d switch do in xcopy?

A

Copies files changed on or after a specific date.

71
Q

How to prompt before creating each file in xcopy?

A

Use the command: xcopy [source] [destination] /p.

72
Q

What does the /s switch do in xcopy?

A

Copies directories and subdirectories (except empty ones).

73
Q

What does the /e switch do in xcopy?

A

Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones.

74
Q

What does the /h switch do in xcopy?

A

Copies hidden and system files.

75
Q

What does the /r switch do in xcopy?

A

Overwrites read-only files.

76
Q

What does the /k switch do in xcopy?

A

Copies attributes (normal xcopy resets read-only attributes).

77
Q

What does the /y switch do in xcopy?

A

Overwrites existing files without prompting.

78
Q

What is robocopy used for?

A

Robust File Copy for copying folders.

79
Q

What is the command format for robocopy?

A

Use the command: robocopy [source_folder] [destination] [options].

80
Q

What does the /s switch do in robocopy?

A

Copies subdirectories, excluding empty ones.

81
Q

What does the /e switch do in robocopy?

A

Copies subdirectories, including empty ones.

82
Q

What does the /mov switch do in robocopy?

A

Moves files and directories, deleting them from the source.

83
Q

What does the /copyall switch do in robocopy?

A

Copies all file attributes and information.

84
Q

What is the purpose of the attrib command?

A

Manages file attributes.

Midterm (8 decks)

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