Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the two main components of a computer?
Computers consist of hardware and software.
What does hardware refer to?
Hardware refers to the physical components like the keyboard, mouse, hard drives, and circuit boards.
What is software?
Software comprises instructions or data stored electronically, such as operating systems, applications, and drivers.
What is firmware?
Firmware is a type of software embedded in hardware, like the BIOS chip.
How is computer hardware categorized?
Computer hardware is categorized by function: Input, Processing, Storage, Output, and Networking.
What is the function of input devices?
Input involves sending data or commands to the computer, using devices like a mouse, keyboard, and scanners.
What does processing handle?
Processing handles the flow of data through procedures defined by instructions, using components like the CPU and RAM.
What is RAM?
RAM, or random-access memory, is temporary storage for processed information. It’s volatile, meaning data is lost when the computer is turned off.
What is the purpose of storage devices?
Storage uses devices with non-volatile memory to save data, such as hard disk drives and flash drives.
What is the function of output devices?
Output presents or displays data, through video, audio, and printing.
What is networking and communications in computers?
Networking connects two or more computers for data transfer, using media like copper cables and devices like routers.
What is modular design in modern hardware?
Modern hardware uses a modular design for easy replacement or upgrade of parts, reducing maintenance costs.
What are network racks?
Network racks, also known as server racks, house networking equipment like servers and switches.
What is the function of routers?
Routers connect different network segments.
What do switches do?
Switches connect devices on the same network segment.
