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Midterm > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of Coaxial Cable?

A

Inner conductor (copper core), Insulator (PVC plastic), Braided mesh conductor (aluminum or tin-coated copper), Sheath (PVC plastic)

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2
Q

What are the advantages of Coaxial Cable?

A

Less susceptible to EMI, Resistant to physical damage, Large existing infrastructure

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of Coaxial Cable?

A

Expensive, Not very flexible, Signal quality degrades with multiple splitters

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4
Q

What are the components of Twisted Pair Cable?

A

Four pairs of copper wires, PVC plastic insulation, Outer plastic sheath, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

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5
Q

What are the advantages of Twisted Pair Cable?

A

Inexpensive, Easy to install, flexible, lightweight, Common, tools are readily available, Widely supported network medium

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of Twisted Pair Cable?

A

Susceptible to interference, Vulnerable to cable damage and eavesdropping, Low bandwidth

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7
Q

What are the components of Fiber Optic Cable?

A

Central core (plastic or glass), Cladding, Protective layer, Plastic sheath

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8
Q

What are the vulnerabilities of traditional cables?

A

Vulnerable to cable damage and eavesdropping.

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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of traditional cables?

A

Low bandwidth.

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10
Q

What is the central component of a Fiber Optic Cable?

A

Central core (plastic or glass): Carries the signal.

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11
Q

What is the function of the cladding in a Fiber Optic Cable?

A

Cladding: Maintains the signal in the core.

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12
Q

What does the protective layer of a Fiber Optic Cable provide?

A

Protective layer: Provides structural support.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the plastic sheath in a Fiber Optic Cable?

A

Plastic sheath: Encases and protects the cable.

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14
Q

What is an advantage of Fiber Optic Cables?

A

Immune to EMI.

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15
Q

What is another advantage of Fiber Optic Cables?

A

Highly resistant to eavesdropping.

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16
Q

What is a key benefit of Fiber Optic Cables regarding transmission rates?

A

Fastest transmission rates.

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17
Q

What is an advantage of Fiber Optic Cables concerning distance?

A

Greater cable distances without repeaters.

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18
Q

What is a disadvantage of Fiber Optic Cables?

A

Very expensive.

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19
Q

What is another disadvantage of Fiber Optic Cables?

A

Difficult to work with.

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20
Q

What is required for attaching connectors to Fiber Optic Cables?

A

Specialized training required for attaching connectors.

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21
Q

What is a BNC connector used for?

A

Used in legacy networks, specialized industries, and composite video.

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22
Q

What is the F-Type connector primarily used for?

A

Used for cable/satellite TV and broadband connections.

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23
Q

What is the RJ11 connector used for?

A

Used primarily for telephone wiring.

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24
Q

What is the RJ45 connector used for?

A

Used for Ethernet networks.

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25
Q

What type of connector is ST?

A

Keyed, bayonet-type connector, used with single and multi-mode cabling.

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26
Q

What type of connector is SC?

A

Push-on, pull-off connector, used with single and multi-mode cabling.

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27
Q

What is the LC connector?

A

Small plastic connector with a locking tab, used with single and multi-mode cabling.

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28
Q

What is the MT-RJ connector?

A

Plastic connector with a locking tab, used with single and multi-mode cabling.

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29
Q

What is a feature of USB?

A

Cross-platform compatibility.

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30
Q

What type of communication does USB use?

A

Serial communication.

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31
Q

What configuration does USB support?

A

Plug-and-play configuration.

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32
Q

What does hot-swappable mean in the context of USB?

A

Devices can be connected or disconnected without shutting down the system.

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33
Q

What is a feature of USB regarding power supply?

A

Power supply over cable.

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34
Q

How many devices can USB support per bus?

A

Support for up to 127 devices per bus.

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35
Q

What is a characteristic of USB bandwidth?

A

Shared bandwidth among connected devices.

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36
Q

How many generations has USB evolved through?

A

USB has evolved through four generations, all backward and forward compatible.

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37
Q

What is the USB Type-A connector?

A

Standard connector on desktop PCs and older laptops.

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38
Q

What is the USB Mini-B connector?

A

Small connector, replaced by Micro-USB.

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39
Q

What is the Micro-B connector commonly used for?

A

Commonly used on smartphones.

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40
Q

What is USB Type-C?

A

The latest USB standard, smaller, thinner, reversible, can be inserted either way.

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41
Q

How do USB devices connect?

A

They can connect directly to a USB port or via an external USB hub.

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42
Q

What are self-powered devices?

A

Devices that have their own power supply.

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43
Q

What are bus-powered devices?

A

Devices that receive power via the USB cable.

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44
Q

What is the ATX form factor?

A

The most used form factor, with several versions including Standard ATX, MicroATX, Mini-ITX, NLX, and BTX.

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45
Q

What are the dimensions of Standard ATX?

A

12” x 9.6”, up to seven expansion slots.

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46
Q

What are the dimensions of MicroATX?

A

9.6” x 9.6”, up to four expansion slots.

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47
Q

What are the dimensions of Mini-ITX?

A

6.7” x 6.7”, one expansion slot.

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48
Q

What is the NLX form factor?

A

An older form factor that has been replaced by MicroATX and Mini-ITX.

49
Q

What is the BTX form factor?

A

Designed as an ATX replacement but not widely adopted.

50
Q

What is the purpose of the CPU socket?

A

It houses the CPU.

51
Q

What are memory slots used for?

A

For installing RAM modules.

52
Q

What are PCI slots used for?

A

For installing expansion cards.

53
Q

What does firmware (BIOS or UEFI) control?

A

It controls the startup process.

54
Q

What is the function of the CMOS battery?

A

It maintains the system clock and BIOS/UEFI settings.

55
Q

What is the role of the chipset?

A

It facilitates communication between components.

56
Q

What is Static RAM (SRAM)?

A

Stores data using four transistors per bit, faster, more expensive, used in cache memory.

57
Q

What is Dynamic RAM (DRAM)?

A

Stores data using one transistor per bit, slower, less expensive, used in main system memory.

58
Q

What is DDR SDRAM?

A

A new generation of SDRAM, synchronized with the system clock, double data rate.

59
Q

What is DDR1?

A

The original DDR, no longer used in modern systems.

60
Q

What is DDR2?

A

It doubles the data rate of DDR.

61
Q

What is DDR3?

A

It doubles the data rate of DDR2.

62
Q

What is DDR4?

A

It doubles the data rate of DDR3 and supports power-saving features.

63
Q

What is DDR5?

A

It doubles the data rate of DDR4, with improved power management and efficiency.

64
Q

What is DIMM?

A

Dual Inline Memory Module, with pins on both sides and a 64-bit data path.

65
Q

What is SODIMM?

A

A smaller DIMM used in laptops.

66
Q

What is UniDIMM?

A

A module that can carry either DDR3 or DDR4 chips.

67
Q

Who are the major CPU manufacturers?

A

Intel and AMD.

68
Q

What are the CPU architectures?

A

22-bit or 64-bit.

69
Q

What is speed in relation to CPUs?

A

Measured in MHz, also called frequency.

70
Q

What is cache in a CPU?

A

Memory accessed directly by the processor.

71
Q

What does process size refer to?

A

Manufacturing process used to create the CPU.

72
Q

What is a multi-core processor?

A

Processors with multiple cores for parallel processing.

73
Q

What is throttling in CPUs?

A

Modifying operating characteristics based on conditions.

74
Q

What is virtualization?

A

Running multiple operating systems simultaneously.

75
Q

What must match for a CPU to work?

A

The motherboard socket must match the CPU socket type.

76
Q

What is LGA?

A

Land Grid Array: Pins are on the socket, contacts are on the CPU.

77
Q

What is PGA?

A

Pin Grid Array: Pins are on the CPU, inserted into the socket.

78
Q

What is ZIF?

A

Zero Insertion Force: Evolution of PGA, lever for safe installation.

79
Q

What is BGA?

A

Ball Grid Array: CPU permanently soldered to the motherboard.

80
Q

What are integrated video cards?

A

Integrated with the CPU or motherboard, less expensive, less powerful.

81
Q

What are dedicated video cards?

A

Installed in an expansion slot, more expensive, more powerful.

82
Q

What should display connectors match?

A

Match the connectors to the display.

83
Q

What factors contribute to display quality?

A

Resolution and refresh rate.

84
Q

What handles video rendering tasks?

A

GPU handles video rendering tasks.

85
Q

What type of memory do dedicated video cards use?

A

Dedicated video cards use high-speed memory.

86
Q

What is important about bus type for video cards?

A

Compatible with the motherboard expansion slot.

87
Q

What is multi-GPUs?

A

Linking video cards together to share the processing load.

88
Q

What are capture cards used for?

A

Used to capture on-screen content and encode it for livestreaming or video files.

89
Q

What does ADC do in sound cards?

A

Converts analog sound to digital data.

90
Q

What is the function of DSP in sound cards?

A

Handles analog and digital conversion.

91
Q

What does DAC do in sound cards?

A

Converts digital data to analog sound.

92
Q

What is important about bus support for sound cards?

A

Compatible with the motherboard expansion slot.

93
Q

What do channels refer to in sound cards?

A

Number of audio channels supported.

94
Q

What is sampling rate?

A

Number of analog signal samples taken per second.

95
Q

What does feature support mean in sound cards?

A

Additional features for higher quality sound.

96
Q

What is the role of airflow in cooling systems?

A

Computer cases maintain a consistent airflow to cool components.

97
Q

What do intake fans do?

A

Pull in air, while exhaust fans expel air.

98
Q

What do intake fans do?

A

Intake fans pull air in.

99
Q

What do outtake fans do?

A

Outtake fans exhaust hot air.

100
Q

What is the function of case fans?

A

Case fans create pressurized airflow.

101
Q

What is the role of a power supply?

A

The power supply exhausts hot air.

102
Q

What does a heat sink do?

A

A heat sink dissipates heat from components.

103
Q

What do heat sensors monitor?

A

Heat sensors monitor temperature levels.

104
Q

When is liquid cooling used?

A

Liquid cooling is used when air cooling is insufficient.

105
Q

What is the primary function of power supplies?

A

Power supplies provide DC voltage to components.

106
Q

How do power supplies aid in thermal management?

A

They aid in thermal management by exhausting hot air.

107
Q

What must power supplies match?

A

Power supplies must match the motherboard and case form factor.

108
Q

What does the voltage switch do?

A

The voltage switch allows for automatic voltage adjustment.

109
Q

How are power supplies rated?

A

Power supplies are rated in watts, determining maximum power output.

110
Q

What type of power do ATX power supplies provide?

A

ATX power supplies provide soft power.

111
Q

What does the 24-pin ATX connector do?

A

The 24-pin ATX connector powers the motherboard.

112
Q

What does the 4+4 pin CPU connector do?

A

The 4+4 pin CPU connector powers the CPU.

113
Q

What does the 6+2 pin PCIe connector do?

A

The 6+2 pin PCIe connector powers video cards.

114
Q

What does the 4-pin peripheral power connector do?

A

The 4-pin peripheral power connector powers legacy components.

115
Q

What does SATA power do?

A

SATA power powers SATA devices.

116
Q

What does the 4-pin mini-Molex connector do?

A

The 4-pin mini-Molex powers floppy drives.

117
Q

What are symptoms of CPU issues?

A

Symptoms include system won’t boot, OS fails to load, and POST errors.

118
Q

What are symptoms of memory issues?

A

Symptoms include high disk usage, ‘Not Enough Memory’ errors, system boot failure, and blank display.

119
Q

What troubleshooting steps should be taken for memory issues?

A

Check for seating, compatibility, installation, and configuration issues.

Midterm (8 decks)

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