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Midterm > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an operating system?

A

An operating system is software that makes a computer functional.

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2
Q

What does an operating system allow users to do?

A

It lets users access and use computer resources.

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3
Q

What are the resources managed by an operating system?

A

Resources include memory, file systems, processes, hardware, software, and applications.

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4
Q

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

A

A GUI allows users to access computer resources through icons and other visual indicators.

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5
Q

What are common workstation operating systems?

A

Common workstation operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux.

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6
Q

What is Windows?

A

Windows is a proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft, introduced in 1985.

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7
Q

What is the market share of Windows?

A

Windows has the largest market share of operating systems.

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8
Q

On what hardware can Windows be installed?

A

Windows can be installed on hardware from multiple manufacturers.

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9
Q

What editions does Windows offer?

A

Windows offers multiple editions: Home, Pro, and Enterprise.

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10
Q

What is macOS?

A

macOS is a proprietary operating system developed by Apple, introduced in 2001.

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11
Q

What is the market share of macOS?

A

macOS has the second largest market share of operating systems.

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12
Q

On what hardware can macOS be installed?

A

macOS can only be installed on Apple Macintosh computers.

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13
Q

What is Linux?

A

Linux is an open-source operating system developed by a community of developers, first released in 1991.

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14
Q

What does Linux use to run the system?

A

Linux uses a kernel OS to run the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices.

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15
Q

Is Linux free to use?

A

Yes, Linux is free to use and can be adapted.

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16
Q

What are some distributions of Linux?

A

Examples of Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint, Fedora, Red Hat and CentOS.

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17
Q

What is Chrome OS?

A

Chrome OS is a proprietary operating system developed by Google.

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18
Q

What is Chrome OS derived from?

A

Chrome OS is derived from Linux and Chromium OS.

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19
Q

When was Chrome OS released?

A

Chrome OS was released in 2011.

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20
Q

What type of interface does Chrome OS use?

A

Chrome OS is based on a web-browser interface.

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21
Q

What type of applications does Chrome OS support?

A

Chrome OS supports cloud-based applications.

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22
Q

What is Chrome Enterprise?

A

Chrome Enterprise is a service to manage multiple workstations.

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23
Q

Where is Chrome OS installed?

A

Chrome OS is installed on all Chromebooks.

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24
Q

Can Chrome OS be pre-installed on other devices?

A

Yes, Chrome OS may be pre-installed on other netbooks.

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25
Q

What types of software can be installed on Chrome OS?

A

Chrome OS allows the installation of some Linux-based software and Android applications.

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26
Q

Why do vendors release updated operating systems?

A

Vendors release updates to meet changing user needs, fix bugs, and resolve security vulnerabilities.

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27
Q

What does EOL stand for?

A

EOL stands for end of life.

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28
Q

What are reasons for hesitancy to update an operating system?

A

Reasons include cost of upgrading, learning curve, lost productivity, familiarity with the previous version, and lack of compatibility with legacy applications.

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29
Q

What risks increase when using an operating system past its EOL?

A

Risks include vulnerability to cyberattacks and compatibility issues with newer software.

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30
Q

What is the role of an operating system?

A

An operating system acts as an interface between applications and a computer’s hardware.

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31
Q

What actions do operating systems perform?

A

Operating systems receive user input, send user output, control processing devices, serve as a platform for applications, moderate hardware, provide security, and manage the file system.

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32
Q

What is multiprocessing?

A

Multiprocessing is using multiple CPUs in a single system.

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33
Q

What is multitasking?

A

Multitasking is running multiple applications simultaneously.

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34
Q

What is cooperative multitasking?

A

Cooperative multitasking requires multiple processes to work together for the operating system to function effectively.

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35
Q

What is preemptive multitasking?

A

Preemptive multitasking forces applications to share the CPU.

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36
Q

What is multithreading?

A

Multithreading is running multiple parts of an application simultaneously.

37
Q

What is the kernel?

A

The kernel is the core of the operating system.

38
Q

When is the kernel loaded into memory?

A

The kernel is loaded into memory when the system boots.

39
Q

What does Kernel do?

A

Controls security, manages the file system, provides a platform for applications.

40
Q

What is a driver?

A

A computer program that allows the operating system to interact with hardware devices.

41
Q

What is an interface in the context of an operating system?

A

Allows the user to interact with the kernel and utilities.

42
Q

What is a command line interface?

A

Executes commands through instructions written into a command line.

Examples include MS-DOS and aspects of Linux.

43
Q

What is a GUI?

A

Executes commands when the user clicks on graphics and symbols.

Example: Windows.

44
Q

What are utilities in an operating system?

A

Features or programs included with an operating system that perform system-related tasks.

45
Q

What is an application?

A

A subclass computer program designed for end users.

Examples include databases, spreadsheets, and word processing programs.

46
Q

What are the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 10?

A

1 GHz processor with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2; 1 GB RAM (2 GB for a 64-bit system); 16 GB free disk space (20 GB for a 64-bit system); Direct 9 graphics device with WDDM driver; DVD-ROM drive (if installing from a DVD).

47
Q

Until when will Microsoft support Windows 10?

A

Microsoft will support Windows 10 until October 14, 2025.

48
Q

What are the key features of Windows 11?

A

Designed to be more user-friendly than previous versions and for a hybrid work environment.

49
Q

What Windows 10 features are not available in Windows 11?

A

People, Skype, Timeline, Cortana, Internet Explorer, S mode, Tablet mode, Wallet.

50
Q

What are the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 11?

A

1 GHz or faster processor with at least two cores on a compatible 64-bit processor or SoC; 4 GB RAM; 64 GB storage; UEFI, Secure Boot capable firmware; Trusted Platform Module 2.0; DirectX 12 or later with WDDM 2.0 driver graphic card.

51
Q

What is domain access?

A

Domain access is a good option for large networks.

52
Q

What does a domain controller do?

A

A domain controller handles authentication requests.

53
Q

How can users with the same privileges be organized?

A

Users with the same privileges can be divided into groups.

54
Q

What are workgroup accounts used for?

A

Workgroup accounts are for small networks on a local network.

55
Q

How are computers organized in a workgroup?

A

All computers are peers with no central administrator.

56
Q

How is storage managed in a workgroup?

A

Each device has its own storage managed by the user.

57
Q

What is the Group Policy Editor?

A

Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc) provides a simplified GUI for changing settings in the registry.

58
Q

How many Windows settings does Group Policy Editor contain?

A

Group Policy Editor contains over 3,000 Windows settings.

59
Q

What can Group Policy Editor be used for?

A

It allows you to centrally configure and enforce settings on all computers in an Active Directory network.

60
Q

Can Group Policy Editor be used on a small scale?

A

Yes, it can enforce restrictions or run specific scripts at certain times.

61
Q

What is BitLocker?

A

BitLocker is Microsoft’s whole disk encryption feature.

62
Q

What does BitLocker create?

A

BitLocker creates a recovery key to access the encrypted hard drive.

63
Q

What hardware does BitLocker primarily use?

A

BitLocker primarily uses a Trusted Platform Module (TPM).

64
Q

What is a Trusted Platform Module (TPM)?

A

TPM is a hardware chip often installed on newer computers.

65
Q

What does TPM do?

A

TPM creates and stores cryptographic keys.

66
Q

What is Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)?

A

RDP allows remote users to see and manipulate the machine through an encrypted exchange.

67
Q

Which Windows editions does RDP not support?

A

RDP is not available on Windows Home editions.

68
Q

What is macOS?

A

macOS is a proprietary, closed-source operating system.

69
Q

What file system does macOS use?

A

macOS uses the Apple File System (APFS).

70
Q

What are gestures in macOS?

A

Gestures are finger motions that perform specific functions on a macOS system.

71
Q

What does Remote Disc allow?

A

Remote Disc allows devices on a network to access a shared CD or DVD.

72
Q

What type of CDs and DVDs can be accessed via Remote Disc?

A

Only data CDs and DVDs can be accessed.

73
Q

What is Boot Camp?

A

Boot Camp is a feature that lets Apple devices install the Windows OS.

74
Q

What does System Preferences do?

A

System Preferences changes most macOS settings.

75
Q

What is Mission Control?

A

Mission Control is a desktop and application window management utility.

76
Q

What is Keychain in macOS?

A

Keychain is macOS’s password management utility.

77
Q

What does Spotlight do?

A

Spotlight is an indexing utility that performs system-wide searches.

78
Q

What is the Dock in macOS?

A

The Dock is the main taskbar.

79
Q

What does Force Quit do?

A

Force Quit stops non-responsive processes and applications.

80
Q

What is Terminal?

A

Terminal is the command line interface.

81
Q

What roles does Linux play?

A

Linux plays a vital role in servers, desktops, and mobile devices.

82
Q

When did Linux begin?

A

Linux began in 1991 as a project by Linus Torvalds.

83
Q

What system is Linux based on?

A

Linux is based on a Unix-like system named MINIX.

84
Q

When was version 0.02 of Linux released?

A

Version 0.02 was released in October 1991.

85
Q

When was version 1.0 of Linux released?

A

Version 1.0 was released in 1994.

86
Q

What is the licensing of the Linux kernel?

A

The Linux kernel is licensed under the GNU general public license (GPL).

87
Q

What does the GPL require?

A

The GPL requires the source code to be freely available.

88
Q

What are distributions in Linux?

A

Distributions combine components and create a specific flavor of Linux.

89
Q

Name some popular Linux distributions.

A

Popular distributions include Mint, Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora.

Midterm (8 decks)

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