Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is an operating system?
An operating system is software that makes a computer functional.
What does an operating system allow users to do?
It lets users access and use computer resources.
What are the resources managed by an operating system?
Resources include memory, file systems, processes, hardware, software, and applications.
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
A GUI allows users to access computer resources through icons and other visual indicators.
What are common workstation operating systems?
Common workstation operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
What is Windows?
Windows is a proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft, introduced in 1985.
What is the market share of Windows?
Windows has the largest market share of operating systems.
On what hardware can Windows be installed?
Windows can be installed on hardware from multiple manufacturers.
What editions does Windows offer?
Windows offers multiple editions: Home, Pro, and Enterprise.
What is macOS?
macOS is a proprietary operating system developed by Apple, introduced in 2001.
What is the market share of macOS?
macOS has the second largest market share of operating systems.
On what hardware can macOS be installed?
macOS can only be installed on Apple Macintosh computers.
What is Linux?
Linux is an open-source operating system developed by a community of developers, first released in 1991.
What does Linux use to run the system?
Linux uses a kernel OS to run the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices.
Is Linux free to use?
Yes, Linux is free to use and can be adapted.
What are some distributions of Linux?
Examples of Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint, Fedora, Red Hat and CentOS.
What is Chrome OS?
Chrome OS is a proprietary operating system developed by Google.
What is Chrome OS derived from?
Chrome OS is derived from Linux and Chromium OS.
When was Chrome OS released?
Chrome OS was released in 2011.
What type of interface does Chrome OS use?
Chrome OS is based on a web-browser interface.
What type of applications does Chrome OS support?
Chrome OS supports cloud-based applications.
What is Chrome Enterprise?
Chrome Enterprise is a service to manage multiple workstations.
Where is Chrome OS installed?
Chrome OS is installed on all Chromebooks.
Can Chrome OS be pre-installed on other devices?
Yes, Chrome OS may be pre-installed on other netbooks.
What types of software can be installed on Chrome OS?
Chrome OS allows the installation of some Linux-based software and Android applications.
Why do vendors release updated operating systems?
Vendors release updates to meet changing user needs, fix bugs, and resolve security vulnerabilities.
What does EOL stand for?
EOL stands for end of life.
What are reasons for hesitancy to update an operating system?
Reasons include cost of upgrading, learning curve, lost productivity, familiarity with the previous version, and lack of compatibility with legacy applications.
What risks increase when using an operating system past its EOL?
Risks include vulnerability to cyberattacks and compatibility issues with newer software.
What is the role of an operating system?
An operating system acts as an interface between applications and a computer’s hardware.
What actions do operating systems perform?
Operating systems receive user input, send user output, control processing devices, serve as a platform for applications, moderate hardware, provide security, and manage the file system.
What is multiprocessing?
Multiprocessing is using multiple CPUs in a single system.
What is multitasking?
Multitasking is running multiple applications simultaneously.
What is cooperative multitasking?
Cooperative multitasking requires multiple processes to work together for the operating system to function effectively.
What is preemptive multitasking?
Preemptive multitasking forces applications to share the CPU.
What is multithreading?
Multithreading is running multiple parts of an application simultaneously.
What is the kernel?
The kernel is the core of the operating system.
When is the kernel loaded into memory?
The kernel is loaded into memory when the system boots.
What does Kernel do?
Controls security, manages the file system, provides a platform for applications.
What is a driver?
A computer program that allows the operating system to interact with hardware devices.
What is an interface in the context of an operating system?
Allows the user to interact with the kernel and utilities.
What is a command line interface?
Executes commands through instructions written into a command line.
Examples include MS-DOS and aspects of Linux.
What is a GUI?
Executes commands when the user clicks on graphics and symbols.
Example: Windows.
What are utilities in an operating system?
Features or programs included with an operating system that perform system-related tasks.
What is an application?
A subclass computer program designed for end users.
Examples include databases, spreadsheets, and word processing programs.
What are the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 10?
1 GHz processor with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2; 1 GB RAM (2 GB for a 64-bit system); 16 GB free disk space (20 GB for a 64-bit system); Direct 9 graphics device with WDDM driver; DVD-ROM drive (if installing from a DVD).
Until when will Microsoft support Windows 10?
Microsoft will support Windows 10 until October 14, 2025.
What are the key features of Windows 11?
Designed to be more user-friendly than previous versions and for a hybrid work environment.
What Windows 10 features are not available in Windows 11?
People, Skype, Timeline, Cortana, Internet Explorer, S mode, Tablet mode, Wallet.
What are the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 11?
1 GHz or faster processor with at least two cores on a compatible 64-bit processor or SoC; 4 GB RAM; 64 GB storage; UEFI, Secure Boot capable firmware; Trusted Platform Module 2.0; DirectX 12 or later with WDDM 2.0 driver graphic card.
What is domain access?
Domain access is a good option for large networks.
What does a domain controller do?
A domain controller handles authentication requests.
How can users with the same privileges be organized?
Users with the same privileges can be divided into groups.
What are workgroup accounts used for?
Workgroup accounts are for small networks on a local network.
How are computers organized in a workgroup?
All computers are peers with no central administrator.
How is storage managed in a workgroup?
Each device has its own storage managed by the user.
What is the Group Policy Editor?
Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc) provides a simplified GUI for changing settings in the registry.
How many Windows settings does Group Policy Editor contain?
Group Policy Editor contains over 3,000 Windows settings.
What can Group Policy Editor be used for?
It allows you to centrally configure and enforce settings on all computers in an Active Directory network.
Can Group Policy Editor be used on a small scale?
Yes, it can enforce restrictions or run specific scripts at certain times.
What is BitLocker?
BitLocker is Microsoft’s whole disk encryption feature.
What does BitLocker create?
BitLocker creates a recovery key to access the encrypted hard drive.
What hardware does BitLocker primarily use?
BitLocker primarily uses a Trusted Platform Module (TPM).
What is a Trusted Platform Module (TPM)?
TPM is a hardware chip often installed on newer computers.
What does TPM do?
TPM creates and stores cryptographic keys.
What is Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)?
RDP allows remote users to see and manipulate the machine through an encrypted exchange.
Which Windows editions does RDP not support?
RDP is not available on Windows Home editions.
What is macOS?
macOS is a proprietary, closed-source operating system.
What file system does macOS use?
macOS uses the Apple File System (APFS).
What are gestures in macOS?
Gestures are finger motions that perform specific functions on a macOS system.
What does Remote Disc allow?
Remote Disc allows devices on a network to access a shared CD or DVD.
What type of CDs and DVDs can be accessed via Remote Disc?
Only data CDs and DVDs can be accessed.
What is Boot Camp?
Boot Camp is a feature that lets Apple devices install the Windows OS.
What does System Preferences do?
System Preferences changes most macOS settings.
What is Mission Control?
Mission Control is a desktop and application window management utility.
What is Keychain in macOS?
Keychain is macOS’s password management utility.
What does Spotlight do?
Spotlight is an indexing utility that performs system-wide searches.
What is the Dock in macOS?
The Dock is the main taskbar.
What does Force Quit do?
Force Quit stops non-responsive processes and applications.
What is Terminal?
Terminal is the command line interface.
What roles does Linux play?
Linux plays a vital role in servers, desktops, and mobile devices.
When did Linux begin?
Linux began in 1991 as a project by Linus Torvalds.
What system is Linux based on?
Linux is based on a Unix-like system named MINIX.
When was version 0.02 of Linux released?
Version 0.02 was released in October 1991.
When was version 1.0 of Linux released?
Version 1.0 was released in 1994.
What is the licensing of the Linux kernel?
The Linux kernel is licensed under the GNU general public license (GPL).
What does the GPL require?
The GPL requires the source code to be freely available.
What are distributions in Linux?
Distributions combine components and create a specific flavor of Linux.
Name some popular Linux distributions.
Popular distributions include Mint, Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora.
