Chapter 9

Question 1

The endocrine system consists of specialized tissues and glands that
secrete chemical messengers called _______.
a. targets
b. hormones
c. cyclic AMP
d. releasing hormones

Answer 1

b. hormones

Question 2

_______ are specific cells on which hormones act.
a. Target cells
b. Alpha cells
c. Hormonal cells
d. Prostaglandins

Answer 2

a. Target cells

Question 3

Neuroendocrine cells are _______.
a. endocrine cells that produce neurons
b. transported by the lymph system
c. an important link between the nervous and
endocrine systems
d. produced by prostaglandins

Answer 3

c. an important link between the nervous and
endocrine systems

Question 4

_______ are a group of about 16 closely related lipids that are manufactured by many different tissues in the body.
a. Prostaglandins
b. FSH
c. cAMP
d. Parathyroid hormones

Answer 4

a. Prostaglandins

Question 5

Hormone secretion is typically regulated by _______.
a. the thyroid gland
b. positive target tissues
c. negative feedback
d. oxytocin

Answer 5

c. negative feedback

Question 6

A hormone that initiates changes in target cells that lead to some effects is
referred to as a _______.
a. second messenger
b. transporter
c. first messenger
d. hypersecreter

Answer 6

c. first messenger

Question 7

In _______, the endocrine gland decreases its hormone output to
abnormally low levels, which deprives target cells of needed stimulation.
a. hypersecretion
b. hyposecretion
c. cyclic secretion
d. neurosecretion

Answer 7

b. hyposecretion

Question 8

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) _______.
a. activates one or more enzymes, triggering
a chain of reactions leading to a specific
metabolic effect in the cell
b. binds to calmodulin to turn genes on
c. is a first messenger
d. activates G proteins

Answer 8

a. activates one or more enzymes, triggering
a chain of reactions leading to a specific
metabolic effect in the cell

Question 9

Steroid hormones _______.
a. use calcium ions as second messengers
b. use cAMP as second messengers
c. activate G proteins in the cell membrane
d. turn specific genes on or off

Answer 9

d. turn specific genes on or off

Question 10

The _______ regulates most endocrine activity and links the nervous and
endocrine systems.
a. hypothalamus
b. pituitary
c. thalamus
d. parathyroid

Answer 10

a. hypothalamus

Question 11

The _______ gland secretes several different hormones and is called the
master gland.
a. pineal
b. adrenal
c. pituitary
d. thyroid

Answer 11

c. pituitary

Question 12

_______ deficiency can lead to the condition called diabetes insipidus, in
which enormous quantities of urine may be excreted.
a. TSH
b. Oxytocin
c. FSH
d. ADH

Answer 12

d. ADH

Question 13

During lactation, _______ stimulates cells in the mammary glands to
secrete milk.
a. prolactin
b. calmodulin
c. ADH
d. oxytocin

Answer 13

a. prolactin

Question 14

The _______ gland, shaped somewhat like a shield, lies anterior to the
trachea and just below the larynx.
a. parathyroid
b. thalamus
c. pituitary
d. thyroid

Answer 14

d. thyroid

Question 15

Growth hormone is _______.
a. released in response to somatomedins
b. a promoter of protein synthesis
c. released by the posterior lobe of the
pituitary
d. a tropic hormone

Answer 15

b. a promoter of protein synthesis

Question 16

The _______ regulate(s) calcium concentration.
a. parathyroid glands
b. islets of Langerhans
c. pituitary gland
d. thyroid gland

Answer 16

a. parathyroid glands

Question 17

When glucose concentration becomes very high, _______.
a. calcitonin is released from the parathyroid
gland
b. glucagon is released by the islets of
Langerhans
c. beta cells secrete insulin
d. the adrenal medulla releases cortisol

Answer 17

c. beta cells secrete insulin

Question 18

The _______ is called the emergency gland of the body because it
prepares us to cope with threatening situations.
a. adrenal cortex
b. adrenal medulla
c. pineal gland
d. thyroid

Answer 18

b. adrenal medulla

Question 19

The main glucocorticoid is _______.
a. epinephrine
b. mineralocorticoid
c. cortisol
d. norepinephrine

Answer 19

c. cortisol

Question 20

Stress stimulates the _______ to secrete corticotrophin-releasing factor
(CRF).
a. anterior pituitary
b. hypothalamus
c. pancreas
d. posterior pituitary

Answer 20

b. hypothalamus

Question 21

The _______ system helps regulate growth, reproduction, use of nutrients
by cells, and fluid balance.
a. exocrine
b. endocrine
c. lymphatic
d. skeletal

Answer 21

b. endocrine

Question 22

_______ interact(s) with other hormones to regulate various metabolic activities, such as reducing or raising blood pressure and stimulating contraction of the
uterus.
a. Prostaglandins
b. Cortisol
c. Cyclic AMP
d. TSH

Answer 22

a. Prostaglandins

Question 23

Steroid hormones are relatively small molecules that _______.
a. pass easily through the plasma membrane
of a target cell
b. use cAMP as a second messenger
c. combine with receptors on the plasma
membrane of the target cell
d. trigger a chain of reactions that inhibit
metabolism

Answer 23

a. pass easily through the plasma membrane
of a target cell

Question 24

In _______, a gland increases its output to abnormally high levels,
overstimulating target cells.
a. hyposecretion
b. exosecretion
c. hypersecretion
d. neurosecretion

Answer 24

c. hypersecretion

Question 25

A _______, associated with the plasma membrane, is activated by
hormones to begin a series of molecular events.
a. prostaglandin
b. cAMP second messenger
c. calmodulin molecule
d. G protein

Answer 25

d. G protein

Question 26

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases two hormones, _______
and _______.
a. oxytocin; parathyroid hormone
b. oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone
c. antidiuretic hormone; growth hormone
d. TSH; FSH

Answer 26

b. oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone

Question 27

_______ stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus and stimulates release of milk from the breast.
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Thyroxine
c. ADH
d. Oxytocin

Answer 27

d. Oxytocin

Question 28

The _______ hormones include thyroid stimulating hormone,
adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.
a. gonadotropic
b. hypothalamic
c. tropic
d. growth

Answer 28

c. tropic

Question 29

The anterior pituitary secretes _______, which promotes synthesis and
secretion of thyroid hormones.
a. thyroxine
b. TSH
c. FSH
d. calcitonin

Answer 29

b. TSH

Question 30

The _______ releases GHRH and GHIH to regulate growth hormone
secretion.
a. anterior pituitary
b. posterior pituitary
c. hypothalamus
d. pineal gland

Answer 30

c. hypothalamus

Question 31

Extreme _______ during childhood results in low metabolic rate and
retarded mental and physical development, a condition known as cretinism.
a. hypothyroidism
b. hyperthyroidism
c. hyposecretion of growth hormone
d. hyposecretion of insulin

Answer 31

a. hypothyroidism

Question 32

The parathyroid glands secrete _______, a small protein that regulates the
calcium level of the blood and tissue fluid.
a. thyroxine
b. parathyroid hormone
c. TSH
d. calcitonin

Answer 32

b. parathyroid hormone

Question 33

Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce the hormone _______.
a. parathyroid hormone
b. FSH
c. insulin
d. glucagon

Answer 33

c. insulin

Question 34

_______ raises the blood glucose level by stimulating liver cells to convert
glycogen to glucose.
a. Insulin
b. TSH
c. Calcitonin
d. Glucagon

Answer 34

d. Glucagon

Question 35

_______ lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood.
a. Insulin
b. TSH
c. Calcitonin
d. Glucagon

Answer 35

a. Insulin

Question 36

In diabetes mellitus, _______.
a. insulin overstimulates cells to take in
glucose
b. cells turn to fat and protein for energy
c. glucose cannot be detected in the urine
d. alpha cells secrete too little glucagon

Answer 36

b. cells turn to fat and protein for energy

Question 37

The adrenal medulla secretes _______.
a. cortisol
b. norepinephrine
c. ACTH
d. glucocorticoids

Answer 37

b. norepinephrine

Question 38

Epinephrine and norepinephrine _______.
a. increase metabolic rate
b. decrease blood pressure
c. constrict the airway
d. answers A, B, and C are correct

Answer 38

a. increase metabolic rate

Question 39

Aldosterone _______.
a. promotes production of glucose from
other nutrients
b. increases cardiac output
c. has masculinizing effects
d. helps maintain sodium and potassium
homeostasis

Answer 39

d. helps maintain sodium and potassium
homeostasis

Question 40

Thymosin, produced by the thymus gland, plays a role in _______.
a. immune responses
b. reproduction
c. growth
d. facilitating sleep

Answer 40

a. immune responses