Chapter 14 Flashcards
_______ is the exchange of gases between the body and its environment.
a. Expiration
b. Respiration
c. Inhalation
d. Exhalation
b. Respiration
Respiration supplies the cells of the body with _______ and rids them of_______.
a. oxygen; carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide; oxygen
c. oxygen; nitrogen
d. carbon dioxide; nitrogen
a. oxygen; carbon dioxide
The respiratory system consists of the _______ and the _______.
a. lungs; pulmonary arteries
b. trachea; alveoli
c. airway; pulmonary vessels and nerves
d. lungs; airway
d. lungs; airway
The correct sequence of airflow into the body is _______.
a. nasal cavities → pharynx → larynx →
trachea → bronchus → bronchioles →
alveoli
b. nasal cavities → larynx → pharynx →
trachea → bronchus → bronchioles →
alveoli
c. nasal cavities → pharynx → larynx →
trachea → bronchioles → bronchus →
alveoli
d. nasal cavities → larynx → pharynx →
trachea → bronchioles → bronchus →
alveoli
a. nasal cavities → pharynx → larynx →
trachea → bronchus → bronchioles →
alveoli
_______ cells within the lining of the nose produce more than a pint of mucus a day.
a. White blood
b. Immune
c. Ciliated
d. Mucous
d. Mucous
Air enters the _______, the superior part of the pharynx.
a. oropharynx
b. nasopharynx
c. laryngopharynx
d. glottis
b. nasopharynx
The opening into the larynx is the _______.
a. epiglottis
b. glottis
c. laryngopharynx
d. trachea
b. glottis
The _______ is often referred to as the voice box.
a. epiglottis
b. pharynx
c. larynx
d. hilus
c. larynx
During swallowing, a flap of tissue, the _______, automatically closes off
the larynx so food cannot enter the lower airway.
a. epiglottis
b. glottis
c. hilus
d. tracheal flap
a. epiglottis
The trachea divides into the right and left primary _______.
a. larynx
b. pharynx
c. bronchioles
d. bronchi
d. bronchi
The lungs are large, paired, spongy organs that occupy the _______ cavity.
a. pericardial
b. dorsal
c. thoracic
d. lumbar
c. thoracic
Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the lung at the _______.
a. hilus
b. bronchial tree
c. glottis
d. diaphragm
a. hilus
The _______ is a strong, dome-shaped muscle and is the floor of the
thoracic cavity.
a. alveolus
b. diaphragm
c. intercostal
d. visceral pleura
b. diaphragm
_______ is the movement of air into and out of the lungs and is generally accomplished by breathing.
a. Cardiac ventilation
b. Pulmonary ventilation
c. Cardiac respiration
d. Pulmonary expiration
b. Pulmonary ventilation
The wall of an alveolus consists of _______.
a. stratified squamous epithelium with
mucous cells
b. an epithelial lining resting on a thick layer
of connective tissue
c. a single layer of epithelial cells containing
macrophages and plasma cells
d. a single layer of epithelial cells and elastic
fibers
d. a single layer of epithelial cells and elastic
fibers
During inspiration, when the volume of the lungs increases, _______.
a. air moves out of the lungs
b. oxygen moves out of the lungs
c. air moves into the lungs
d. air pressure in the lungs increases
c. air moves into the lungs
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mainly _______.
a. as bicarbonate ions
b. dissolved in the plasma
c. attached to hemoglobin
d. as carbonic acid
a. as bicarbonate ions
The rate, depth, and rhythm of breathing are regulated by the respiratory
centers in the _______ and ______.
a. medulla; heart
b. medulla; pons
c. pons; lungs
d. lungs; heart
b. medulla; pons
Specialized receptors called _______ in the medulla and in the walls of the
aorta and carotid arteries are sensitive to changes in arterial carbon dioxide concentration.
a. chemoreceptors
b. baroreceptors
c. nociceptors
d. carboreceptors
a. chemoreceptors
_______ increases the chances that inhaled particles are trapped by mucus
and do not enter the lungs.
a. Bronchial constriction
b. CPR
c. Bronchitis
d. Oxyhemoglobin
a. Bronchial constriction
During cellular respiration, _______ is produced as a waste product.
a. oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide
d. glucose
c. carbon dioxide
The _______ is more popularly known as the voice box.
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. trachea
d. bronchioles
b. larynx
Air passes into the nose through its two openings, the _______, or nostrils.
a. nasal septum
b. sinuses
c. nares
d. bronchioles
c. nares
The bony structures that increase the surface area in the nose are the _______.
a. nasal septa
b. nostrils
c. bronchioles
d. conchae
d. conchae
The opening into the larynx is the _______.
a. glottis
b. epiglottis
c. Adam’s apple
d. trachea
a. glottis
The _______, or windpipe, is located anterior to the esophagus.
a. larynx
b. trachea
c. bronchus
d. glottis
b. trachea
The cilia-propelled mucus elevator keeps foreign material out of the
_______.
a. stomach
b. lungs
c. nasal septum
d. vocal cords
b. lungs
Alveoli are coated by a thin film of _______, a substance that prevents the
alveoli from collapsing.
a. mucus
b. carbonic acid
c. oxygen
d. surfactant
d. surfactant
Each lung is covered with a(n) _______, which forms a sac enclosing the lung and continues as the lining of the thoracic cavity.
a. mass of capillaries
b. pleural membrane
c. parietal pleura
d. intercostal muscle
b. pleural membrane
Expired air has more than 100 times more _______ than air inspired from
the environment.
a. oxygen
b. surfactant
c. hydrogen
d. carbon dioxide
d. carbon dioxide
During inspiration, the _______.
a. diaphragm contracts and flattens and the
intercostal muscles contract
b. diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax,
permitting the elastic tissues of the lung to
recoil
c. diaphragm does not play a role
d. external intercostal muscles relax
a. diaphragm contracts and flattens and the
intercostal muscles contract
All of the following pairs are synonymous except _______.
a. bronchioles and alveoli
b. trachea and windpipe
c. inspiration and inhalation
d. pharynx and throat
a. bronchioles and alveoli
The vital link between the alveoli and the body cells is the _______.
a. bronchial tree
b. diaphragm
c. circulatory system
d. lungs
c. circulatory system
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mostly as _______.
a. carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma
b. carboxyhemoglobin
c. bicarbonate ions
d. carbonic acid
c. bicarbonate ions
Hemoglobin forms a weak bond with ________ to be transported in the blood.
a. carbon monoxide
b. nitrogen
c. bicarbonate ions
d. oxygen
d. oxygen
Impulses from the medulla reach the diaphragm by way of the _______ nerves.
a. vagus
b. phrenic
c. tracheal
d. sciatic
b. phrenic
Breathing is regulated by _______.
a. respiratory centers in the medulla and
pons
b. oxygen concentration in the blood
c. diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
d. buffers in the blood
a. respiratory centers in the medulla and
pons
A decrease in carbon dioxide inhibits _______, resulting in slower
breathing.
a. chemoreceptors
b. the phrenic center in the pons
c. the alveoli
d. capillaries in the lungs
a. chemoreceptors
_______ increase(s) the chances that inhaled particles are trapped by
mucus and do not enter the lungs.
a. Rapid breathing
b. Slow breathing
c. Macrophages in the trachea
d. Bronchial constriction
d. Bronchial constriction
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are chronic _______ diseases that
have been linked to smoking and breathing polluted air.
a. coronary
b. lung capillary
c. pulmonary
d. alveolar
c. pulmonary
