Chapter 11 Flashcards
The innermost layer of the heart, the _______, consists of a smooth
endothelial lining resting upon connective tissue.
a. pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. endocardium
d. endocardium
The outer layer of the heart is the _______.
a. papillary
b. myocardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. epicardium
d. epicardium
The pericardium consists of two layers that are separated by a potential
space called the _______.
a. pericardium space
b. thoracic cavity
c. epicardial cavity
d. pericardial cavity
d. pericardial cavity
The _______ pump blood into the great arteries leaving the heart.
a. atria
b. aortas
c. ventricles
d. veins
c. ventricles
The sequence of blood flow through the heart is _______.
a. right atrium → right ventricle → through
pulmonary circulation → left atrium
b. left atrium → left ventricle → right atrium
→ through pulmonary circulation
c. right ventricle → right atrium → through
pulmonary circulation → left ventricle
d. through pulmonary circulation → right
a. right atrium → right ventricle → through
pulmonary circulation → left atrium
A small muscular pouch called the _______ increases the surface area of
each atrium.
a. auricle
b. septum
c. papillary muscle
d. pancreas
a. auricle
The _______ valve guards the passageway between each atrium and
ventricle.
a. tricuspid
b. atrioventricular
c. bicuspid
d. semilunar
b. atrioventricular
The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is known as the _______
valve.
a. tricuspid
b. atrioventricular
c. bicuspid
d. aortic semilunar
d. aortic semilunar
Two _______ arteries branch off the aorta as it leaves the heart.
a. coronary
b. cardiac
c. carotid
d. aortic
a. coronary
The cardiac muscle becomes ________, or lacking in blood supply, when
a coronary artery is blocked.
a. systolic
b. diastolic
c. anemic
d. ischemic
d. ischemic
The _______, or pacemaker of the heart, is a small mass of specialized
muscle in the posterior wall of the right atrium.
a. coronary artery
b. atrioventricular (AV) node
c. sinoatrial (SA) node
d. atrioventricular bundle
c. sinoatrial (SA) node
Intercalated disks _______.
a. are specialized muscle fibers that conduct
the impulse directly to the AV node
b. are tight junctions between cardiac muscle
fibers that allow an impulse to pass
rapidly from one fiber to the next
c. are the terminal fibers in the heart’s
conduction system
d. initiate the cardiac cycle
b. are tight junctions between cardiac muscle
fibers that allow an impulse to pass
rapidly from one fiber to the next
Each cardiac cycle begins with _______.
a. contraction of the atria
b. diastole
c. contraction of the ventricles
d. closure of the semilunar valves
a. contraction of the atria
The first heart sound _______.
a. marks the beginning of ventricular
diastole
b. is caused by the closure of the AV valves
c. is caused by the closure of the semilunar
valves
d. answers a and b are correct
b. is caused by the closure of the AV valves
Cardiac output is the volume of blood _______.
a. pumped by one ventricle during one beat
b. that leaves the heart in 1 minute
c. pumped by the right atrium into the
pulmonary artery in 1 minute
d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
in 1 minute
d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
in 1 minute
According to _____ law of the heart, the greater the amount of blood
delivered to the heart by the veins, the more blood the heart pumps.
a. Newton’s
b. Starling’s
c. Heimlich’s
d. Murphy’s
b. Starling’s
Sensory receptors in blood vessels and in the heart send messages to the
_______ in the medulla of the brain.
a. cardiac centers
b. hypothalamus
c. ion channels
d. nerves
a. cardiac centers
The release of _______ by sympathetic nerves increases the force of
contraction of cardiac muscle fibers.
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. plasma
b. norepinephrine
In a trained athlete, the heart _______.
a. enlarges
b. can pump a greater quantity of blood per
beat
c. remains in a state of tachycardia
d. answers a and b are correct
d. answers a and b are correct
The condition in which the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute is
called _______.
a. normal heart rate
b. tachycardia
c. coronary artery disease
d. bradycardia
d. bradycardia
The greatest bulk of the heart wall consists of _______, the cardiac muscle that contracts to pump the blood.
a. myocardium
b. endocardium
c. pericardium
d. septum
a. myocardium
The right and left sides of the heart are completely separated by a wall, or
_______.
a. pericardial cavity
b. thorax
c. septum
d. auricle
c. septum
_______ carry blood to the lungs, where gases are exchanged.
a. Pulmonary veins
b. Pulmonary capillaries
c. Carotid arteries
d. Pulmonary arteries
c. Carotid arteries
The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the _______.
a. aorta
b. auricle
c. coronary arteries
d. pulmonary artery
a. aorta
The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is the _______.
a. tricuspid valve
b. pulmonary semilunar valve
c. bicuspid valve
d. mitral valve
b. pulmonary semilunar valve
In _______, the valve is thickened and slows the flow of blood from the
left atrium into the left ventricle.
a. varicose veins
b. aortic aneurism
c. pulmonary vein stenosis
d. mitral stenosis
c. pulmonary vein stenosis
_______ occurs when heart tissue is deprived of an adequate supply of
oxygen and nutrients.
a. Mitral stenosis
b. Tachycardia
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Anemia
c. Myocardial infarction
Each heartbeat is initiated by the _______, or pacemaker.
a. Purkinje fibers
b. mitral valve
c. atrioventricular bundle
d. SA node
d. SA node
From the AV node, the impulse spreads into specialized muscle fibers that
form the _______.
a. atrioventricular bundle
b. AV node
c. Purkinje fibers
d. intercalated disks
a. atrioventricular bundle
Cardiac muscle fibers are joined at their ends by dense bands called
_______.
a. Purkinje fibers
b. intercalated disks
c. AV fibers
d. cardiac disks
b. intercalated disks
The events that occur during one complete heartbeat make up the
_______.
a. coronary sequence
b. coronary cycle
c. cardiac cycle
d. electrocardiogram
c. cardiac cycle
The period of contraction in which blood is forced out of the heart is known as _______.
a. systole
b. diastole
c. cardiac contraction
d. coronary occlusion
a. systole
The period of relaxation in which the heart fills with blood is known as _______.
a. systole
b. diastole
c. cardiac contraction
d. coronary occlusion
b. diastole
The pathway taken by an electrical impulse through the heart is _______.
a. AV node → SA node → cardiac muscle of
atria →AV bundle → right or left bundle
branch → muscle of ventricles
b. SA node → cardiac muscle of atria → AV
node → AV bundle → right or left bundle
branch → muscle of ventricles
c. AV bundle → AV node → muscles of
ventricles → muscle of atria → SA node
d. muscle of atria → AV node → muscles of
ventricles → muscle of atria → SA node
b. SA node → cardiac muscle of atria → AV
node → AV bundle → right or left bundle
branch → muscle of ventricles
The second heart sound _______.
a. marks the beginning of ventricular
diastole
b. is caused by the closure of the semilunar
valves
c. is caused by the closure of the AV valves
d. answers A and B are correct
d. answers A and B are correct
Cardiac output is the volume of blood _______.
a. pumped by one ventricle during one beat
b. that leaves the heart in 1 minute
c. pumped by the right atrium into the
pulmonary artery in 1 minute
d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
According to Starling’s law of the heart, _______.
a. an athlete’s heart can pump faster than the
heart of a nonathlete
b. stroke volume increases as cardiac output
increases
c. the greater the amount of blood delivered
to the heart by the veins, the more blood
the heart pumps
d. cardiac output equals stroke volume times
heart rate
c. the greater the amount of blood delivered
to the heart by the veins, the more blood
the heart pumps
Cardiac centers _______.
a. control autonomic nerves that signal the
SA node
b. are located in the midbrain
c. are regulated by acetylcholine
d. answers A and B are correct
a. control autonomic nerves that signal the
SA node
_______ increases heart rate.
a. Relaxation
b. Norepinephrine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Subnormal temperatures
b. Norepinephrine
A heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute is referred to as _______.
a. tachycardia
b. bradycardia
c. ischemia
d. myocardial infarction
a. tachycardia
