Chapter 11

Question 1

The innermost layer of the heart, the _______, consists of a smooth
endothelial lining resting upon connective tissue.
a. pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. endocardium

Answer 1

d. endocardium

Question 2

The outer layer of the heart is the _______.
a. papillary
b. myocardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. epicardium

Answer 2

d. epicardium

Question 3

The pericardium consists of two layers that are separated by a potential
space called the _______.
a. pericardium space
b. thoracic cavity
c. epicardial cavity
d. pericardial cavity

Answer 3

d. pericardial cavity

Question 4

The _______ pump blood into the great arteries leaving the heart.
a. atria
b. aortas
c. ventricles
d. veins

Answer 4

c. ventricles

Question 5

The sequence of blood flow through the heart is _______.
a. right atrium → right ventricle → through
pulmonary circulation → left atrium
b. left atrium → left ventricle → right atrium
→ through pulmonary circulation
c. right ventricle → right atrium → through
pulmonary circulation → left ventricle
d. through pulmonary circulation → right

Answer 5

a. right atrium → right ventricle → through
pulmonary circulation → left atrium

Question 6

A small muscular pouch called the _______ increases the surface area of
each atrium.
a. auricle
b. septum
c. papillary muscle
d. pancreas

Answer 6

a. auricle

Question 7

The _______ valve guards the passageway between each atrium and
ventricle.
a. tricuspid
b. atrioventricular
c. bicuspid
d. semilunar

Answer 7

b. atrioventricular

Question 8

The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is known as the _______
valve.
a. tricuspid
b. atrioventricular
c. bicuspid
d. aortic semilunar

Answer 8

d. aortic semilunar

Question 9

Two _______ arteries branch off the aorta as it leaves the heart.
a. coronary
b. cardiac
c. carotid
d. aortic

Answer 9

a. coronary

Question 10

The cardiac muscle becomes ________, or lacking in blood supply, when
a coronary artery is blocked.
a. systolic
b. diastolic
c. anemic
d. ischemic

Answer 10

d. ischemic

Question 11

The _______, or pacemaker of the heart, is a small mass of specialized
muscle in the posterior wall of the right atrium.
a. coronary artery
b. atrioventricular (AV) node
c. sinoatrial (SA) node
d. atrioventricular bundle

Answer 11

c. sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 12

Intercalated disks _______.
a. are specialized muscle fibers that conduct
the impulse directly to the AV node
b. are tight junctions between cardiac muscle
fibers that allow an impulse to pass
rapidly from one fiber to the next
c. are the terminal fibers in the heart’s
conduction system
d. initiate the cardiac cycle

Answer 12

b. are tight junctions between cardiac muscle
fibers that allow an impulse to pass
rapidly from one fiber to the next

Question 13

Each cardiac cycle begins with _______.
a. contraction of the atria
b. diastole
c. contraction of the ventricles
d. closure of the semilunar valves

Answer 13

a. contraction of the atria

Question 14

The first heart sound _______.
a. marks the beginning of ventricular
diastole
b. is caused by the closure of the AV valves
c. is caused by the closure of the semilunar
valves
d. answers a and b are correct

Answer 14

b. is caused by the closure of the AV valves

Question 15

Cardiac output is the volume of blood _______.
a. pumped by one ventricle during one beat
b. that leaves the heart in 1 minute
c. pumped by the right atrium into the
pulmonary artery in 1 minute
d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
in 1 minute

Answer 15

d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
in 1 minute

Question 16

According to _____ law of the heart, the greater the amount of blood
delivered to the heart by the veins, the more blood the heart pumps.
a. Newton’s
b. Starling’s
c. Heimlich’s
d. Murphy’s

Answer 16

b. Starling’s

Question 17

Sensory receptors in blood vessels and in the heart send messages to the
_______ in the medulla of the brain.
a. cardiac centers
b. hypothalamus
c. ion channels
d. nerves

Answer 17

a. cardiac centers

Question 18

The release of _______ by sympathetic nerves increases the force of
contraction of cardiac muscle fibers.
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. plasma

Answer 18

b. norepinephrine

Question 19

In a trained athlete, the heart _______.
a. enlarges
b. can pump a greater quantity of blood per
beat
c. remains in a state of tachycardia
d. answers a and b are correct

Answer 19

d. answers a and b are correct

Question 20

The condition in which the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute is
called _______.
a. normal heart rate
b. tachycardia
c. coronary artery disease
d. bradycardia

Answer 20

d. bradycardia

Question 21

The greatest bulk of the heart wall consists of _______, the cardiac muscle that contracts to pump the blood.
a. myocardium
b. endocardium
c. pericardium
d. septum

Answer 21

a. myocardium

Question 22

The right and left sides of the heart are completely separated by a wall, or
_______.
a. pericardial cavity
b. thorax
c. septum
d. auricle

Answer 22

c. septum

Question 23

_______ carry blood to the lungs, where gases are exchanged.
a. Pulmonary veins
b. Pulmonary capillaries
c. Carotid arteries
d. Pulmonary arteries

Answer 23

c. Carotid arteries

Question 24

The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the _______.
a. aorta
b. auricle
c. coronary arteries
d. pulmonary artery

Answer 24

a. aorta

Question 25

The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is the _______.
a. tricuspid valve
b. pulmonary semilunar valve
c. bicuspid valve
d. mitral valve

Answer 25

b. pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 26

In _______, the valve is thickened and slows the flow of blood from the
left atrium into the left ventricle.
a. varicose veins
b. aortic aneurism
c. pulmonary vein stenosis
d. mitral stenosis

Answer 26

c. pulmonary vein stenosis

Question 27

_______ occurs when heart tissue is deprived of an adequate supply of
oxygen and nutrients.
a. Mitral stenosis
b. Tachycardia
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Anemia

Answer 27

c. Myocardial infarction

Question 28

Each heartbeat is initiated by the _______, or pacemaker.
a. Purkinje fibers
b. mitral valve
c. atrioventricular bundle
d. SA node

Answer 28

d. SA node

Question 29

From the AV node, the impulse spreads into specialized muscle fibers that
form the _______.
a. atrioventricular bundle
b. AV node
c. Purkinje fibers
d. intercalated disks

Answer 29

a. atrioventricular bundle

Question 30

Cardiac muscle fibers are joined at their ends by dense bands called
_______.
a. Purkinje fibers
b. intercalated disks
c. AV fibers
d. cardiac disks

Answer 30

b. intercalated disks

Question 31

The events that occur during one complete heartbeat make up the
_______.
a. coronary sequence
b. coronary cycle
c. cardiac cycle
d. electrocardiogram

Answer 31

c. cardiac cycle

Question 32

The period of contraction in which blood is forced out of the heart is known as _______.
a. systole
b. diastole
c. cardiac contraction
d. coronary occlusion

Answer 32

a. systole

Question 33

The period of relaxation in which the heart fills with blood is known as _______.
a. systole
b. diastole
c. cardiac contraction
d. coronary occlusion

Answer 33

b. diastole

Question 34

The pathway taken by an electrical impulse through the heart is _______.
a. AV node → SA node → cardiac muscle of
atria →AV bundle → right or left bundle
branch → muscle of ventricles
b. SA node → cardiac muscle of atria → AV
node → AV bundle → right or left bundle
branch → muscle of ventricles
c. AV bundle → AV node → muscles of
ventricles → muscle of atria → SA node
d. muscle of atria → AV node → muscles of
ventricles → muscle of atria → SA node

Answer 34

b. SA node → cardiac muscle of atria → AV
node → AV bundle → right or left bundle
branch → muscle of ventricles

Question 35

The second heart sound _______.
a. marks the beginning of ventricular
diastole
b. is caused by the closure of the semilunar
valves
c. is caused by the closure of the AV valves
d. answers A and B are correct

Answer 35

d. answers A and B are correct

Question 36

Cardiac output is the volume of blood _______.
a. pumped by one ventricle during one beat
b. that leaves the heart in 1 minute
c. pumped by the right atrium into the
pulmonary artery in 1 minute
d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta

Answer 36

d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta

Question 37

According to Starling’s law of the heart, _______.
a. an athlete’s heart can pump faster than the
heart of a nonathlete
b. stroke volume increases as cardiac output
increases
c. the greater the amount of blood delivered
to the heart by the veins, the more blood
the heart pumps
d. cardiac output equals stroke volume times
heart rate

Answer 37

c. the greater the amount of blood delivered
to the heart by the veins, the more blood
the heart pumps

Question 38

Cardiac centers _______.
a. control autonomic nerves that signal the
SA node
b. are located in the midbrain
c. are regulated by acetylcholine
d. answers A and B are correct

Answer 38

a. control autonomic nerves that signal the
SA node

Question 39

_______ increases heart rate.
a. Relaxation
b. Norepinephrine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Subnormal temperatures

Answer 39

b. Norepinephrine

Question 40

A heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute is referred to as _______.
a. tachycardia
b. bradycardia
c. ischemia
d. myocardial infarction

Answer 40

a. tachycardia