Chapter 13

Question 1

_______ is the study of the body’s defense mechanisms.
a. Pathology
b. Anatomy
c. Immunology
d. Physiology

Answer 1

c. Immunology

Question 2

An _______ involves recognition of foreign molecules and an action
aimed at eliminating them.
a. antigen
b. antibody response
c. immune pathway
d. immune response

Answer 2

d. immune response

Question 3

_______ defense mechanisms include barriers that prevent pathogens from
entering the body.
a. Nonspecific
b. Specific
c. Antibody
d. Cytokine

Answer 3

a. Nonspecific

Question 4

_______ is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens and other
harmful substances.
a. Inflammation
b. Skin
c. Edema
d. The macrophage

Answer 4

b. Skin

Question 5

_______ are cells that ingest bacteria and other foreign matter.
a. Natural killer (NK) cells
b. Interleukins
c. Phagocytes
d. Serotonins

Answer 5

c. Phagocytes

Question 6

_______ occurs as the volume of interstitial fluid increases.
a. Fever
b. Phagocytosis
c. Immunity
d. Edema

Answer 6

d. Edema

Question 7

_______ is a common clinical sign of widespread inflammatory response.
a. Decreased blood flow
b. Blood vessel constriction
c. Fever
d. Phagocytosis

Answer 7

c. Fever

Question 8

_______ are a diverse group of peptides and proteins that cells of the
immune system use to signal one another.
a. Complement
b. Cytokines
c. Histamines
d. Serotonins

Answer 8

b. Cytokines

Question 9

Interferons are cytokines that _______.
a. signal cells to produce antiviral proteins
b. are produced by cells infected by viruses
and they kill those cells
c. stimulate macrophages to release
histamines
d. are released by NK cells

Answer 9

a. signal cells to produce antiviral proteins

Question 10

Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
a. Macrophages and neutrophils
b. NK cells and T cells
c. Plasma cells and macrophages
d. Macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 10

d. Macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 11

Once activated, a _______ multiplies by mitosis, giving rise to a sizeable
clone of cells identical to itself.
a. T cell
b. macrophage
c. plasma cell
d. memory B cell

Answer 11

a. T cell

Question 12

Killer T cells _______.
a. produce antibodies
b. develop into plasma cells
c. migrate to the infected area and release
enzymes that destroy pathogens
d. produce large clones of cells

Answer 12

c. migrate to the infected area and release
enzymes that destroy pathogens

Question 13

The principal job of a(n) _______ is to recognize and bind to a specific antigen.
a. plasma cell
b. antibody
c. memory B cell
d. helper T cell

Answer 13

b. antibody

Question 14

Some activated B cells become _______ and continue for years to produce small amounts of antibody.
a. memory T cells
b. helper T cells
c. memory B cells
d. killer B cells

Answer 14

c. memory B cells

Question 15

An antigen-antibody complex _______.
a. attacks mast cells
b. stimulates phagocytes to destroy
pathogens
c. presents antigens to plasma cells
d. releases histamines

Answer 15

b. stimulates phagocytes to destroy
pathogens

Question 16

Antibodies of the IgG and IgM groups activate _______.
a. the complement system
b. cytokines
c. antigens
d. immunosuppression

Answer 16

a. the complement system

Question 17

_______ develops from exposure to antigens.
a. Passive immunity
b. Active immunity
c. Short-term immunity
d. Nonimmunity

Answer 17

b. Active immunity

Question 18

_______ is borrowed immunity, so its effects do not last.
a. Passive immunity
b. Active immunity
c. Immunization
d. Primary response

Answer 18

a. Passive immunity

Question 19

_______ is an example of the immune system overreacting to mild
antigens.
a. HIV
b. Cancer
c. Autoimmune disease
d. Allergic reaction

Answer 19

d. Allergic reaction

Question 20

_______ often evade the immune system and multiply in an uncontrolled
way.
a. Cancer cells
b. Cells targeted by graft rejection
c. Mast cells
d. Viruses that cause autoimmune diseases

Answer 20

a. Cancer cells

Question 21

Immune responses depend on communication among cells, or _______.
a. antigens
b. antibodies
c. cell signaling
d. pathogens

Answer 21

c. cell signaling

Question 22

_______ immune responses are precise responses against specific foreign
molecules that have gained entrance to the body.
a. Nonspecific
b. Specific
c. Cell signaling
d. Barrier

Answer 22

b. Specific

Question 23

A molecule recognized as foreign by cells of the immune system is a(n) _______.
a. antigen
b. antibody
c. pathogen
d. cytokine

Answer 23

a. antigen

Question 24

Mechanical and chemical barriers, as well as inflammation, are examples of _______ defenses.
a. nonspecific
b. specific
c. cell signaling
d. antigen

Answer 24

a. nonspecific

Question 25

Some complement proteins _______.
a. destroy macrophages and neutrophils
b. promote production of plasma cells
c. reset the body’s thermostat, causing fever
d. stimulate phagocytosis and inflammation

Answer 25

d. stimulate phagocytosis and inflammation

Question 26

_______ is not a clinical characteristic of inflammation.
a. Edema
b. Redness
c. Pain
d. Decrease in temperature

Answer 26

d. Decrease in temperature

Question 27

In _______, a cell flows around a bacterium and engulfs it.
a. phagocytosis
b. antigen presentation
c. interferon release
d. inflammation

Answer 27

a. phagocytosis

Question 28

The principal warriors in specific immune responses are the trillion or so _______ stationed strategically in the lymph tissue.
a. phagocytes
b. lymphocytes
c. macrophages
d. B cells

Answer 28

d. B cells

Question 29

_______ remain in lymph tissue for many years after an infection.
a. Memory T cells
b. Macrophages
c. Helper T cells
d. Killer B cells

Answer 29

a. Memory T cells

Question 30

_______ continue to produce small amounts of antibody for years after an
infection.
a. Memory T cells
b. Macrophages
c. T cells
d. Memory B cells

Answer 30

d. Memory B cells

Question 31

_______ are important in destroying cancer cells and cells infected by
viruses.
a. Memory B cells
b. Killer B cells
c. NK cells
d. Macrophages

Answer 31

c. NK cells

Question 32

About 75% of the antibodies in the body are _______.
a. IgM
b. IgD
c. IgG
d. IgA

Answer 32

c. IgG

Question 33

Pregnant women confer _______ immunity upon their developing babies
by producing antibodies for them.
a. passive
b. active
c. no
d. maternal

Answer 33

a. passive

Question 34

When individuals are exposed to a disease like viral hepatitis or anthrax,
they can be injected with _______ to help protect them from the disease.
a. antigen-antibody complex
b. immunizations
c. gamma globulin
d. T cells

Answer 34

c. gamma globulin

Question 35

Plasma cells _______.
a. develop into macrophages
b. produce antibodies
c. develop from competent T cells
d. produce antigens

Answer 35

b. produce antibodies

Question 36

A second exposure to an antigen, even years after the first exposure,________.
a. results in a much more rapid immune
response
b. stimulates an immune response that
requires about 2 weeks to be effective
c. stimulates complement production
d. stimulates passive immunity

Answer 36

a. results in a much more rapid immune
response

Question 37

The HIV infects _______ and seriously impairs immune function, placing
the patient at risk for other infections.
a. memory T cells
b. memory B cells
c. helper T cells
d. killer T cells

Answer 37

c. helper T cells

Question 38

Multiple sclerosis is an example of _______.
a. an allergic reaction
b. an autoimmune disease
c. immunological competence
d. a complement system

Answer 38

b. an autoimmune disease

Question 39

In allergic reactions, _______.
a. there is a very slow, nonspecific immune
response
b. transplanted tissue is destroyed
c. helper T cells stimulate complement
production
d. mast cells release histamine,

Answer 39

d. mast cells release histamine,

Question 40

Transplanted tissues have foreign antigens that stimulate _______, an
immune response in which T cells destroy the transplant.
a. graft rejection
b. immunosuppression
c. autoimmune disease
d. allergic reactions

Answer 40

a. graft rejection