Chapter 13 Flashcards
_______ is the study of the body’s defense mechanisms.
a. Pathology
b. Anatomy
c. Immunology
d. Physiology
c. Immunology
An _______ involves recognition of foreign molecules and an action
aimed at eliminating them.
a. antigen
b. antibody response
c. immune pathway
d. immune response
d. immune response
_______ defense mechanisms include barriers that prevent pathogens from
entering the body.
a. Nonspecific
b. Specific
c. Antibody
d. Cytokine
a. Nonspecific
_______ is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens and other
harmful substances.
a. Inflammation
b. Skin
c. Edema
d. The macrophage
b. Skin
_______ are cells that ingest bacteria and other foreign matter.
a. Natural killer (NK) cells
b. Interleukins
c. Phagocytes
d. Serotonins
c. Phagocytes
_______ occurs as the volume of interstitial fluid increases.
a. Fever
b. Phagocytosis
c. Immunity
d. Edema
d. Edema
_______ is a common clinical sign of widespread inflammatory response.
a. Decreased blood flow
b. Blood vessel constriction
c. Fever
d. Phagocytosis
c. Fever
_______ are a diverse group of peptides and proteins that cells of the
immune system use to signal one another.
a. Complement
b. Cytokines
c. Histamines
d. Serotonins
b. Cytokines
Interferons are cytokines that _______.
a. signal cells to produce antiviral proteins
b. are produced by cells infected by viruses
and they kill those cells
c. stimulate macrophages to release
histamines
d. are released by NK cells
a. signal cells to produce antiviral proteins
Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
a. Macrophages and neutrophils
b. NK cells and T cells
c. Plasma cells and macrophages
d. Macrophages and dendritic cells
d. Macrophages and dendritic cells
Once activated, a _______ multiplies by mitosis, giving rise to a sizeable
clone of cells identical to itself.
a. T cell
b. macrophage
c. plasma cell
d. memory B cell
a. T cell
Killer T cells _______.
a. produce antibodies
b. develop into plasma cells
c. migrate to the infected area and release
enzymes that destroy pathogens
d. produce large clones of cells
c. migrate to the infected area and release
enzymes that destroy pathogens
The principal job of a(n) _______ is to recognize and bind to a specific antigen.
a. plasma cell
b. antibody
c. memory B cell
d. helper T cell
b. antibody
Some activated B cells become _______ and continue for years to produce small amounts of antibody.
a. memory T cells
b. helper T cells
c. memory B cells
d. killer B cells
c. memory B cells
An antigen-antibody complex _______.
a. attacks mast cells
b. stimulates phagocytes to destroy
pathogens
c. presents antigens to plasma cells
d. releases histamines
b. stimulates phagocytes to destroy
pathogens
Antibodies of the IgG and IgM groups activate _______.
a. the complement system
b. cytokines
c. antigens
d. immunosuppression
a. the complement system
_______ develops from exposure to antigens.
a. Passive immunity
b. Active immunity
c. Short-term immunity
d. Nonimmunity
b. Active immunity
_______ is borrowed immunity, so its effects do not last.
a. Passive immunity
b. Active immunity
c. Immunization
d. Primary response
a. Passive immunity
_______ is an example of the immune system overreacting to mild
antigens.
a. HIV
b. Cancer
c. Autoimmune disease
d. Allergic reaction
d. Allergic reaction
_______ often evade the immune system and multiply in an uncontrolled
way.
a. Cancer cells
b. Cells targeted by graft rejection
c. Mast cells
d. Viruses that cause autoimmune diseases
a. Cancer cells
Immune responses depend on communication among cells, or _______.
a. antigens
b. antibodies
c. cell signaling
d. pathogens
c. cell signaling
_______ immune responses are precise responses against specific foreign
molecules that have gained entrance to the body.
a. Nonspecific
b. Specific
c. Cell signaling
d. Barrier
b. Specific
A molecule recognized as foreign by cells of the immune system is a(n) _______.
a. antigen
b. antibody
c. pathogen
d. cytokine
a. antigen
Mechanical and chemical barriers, as well as inflammation, are examples of _______ defenses.
a. nonspecific
b. specific
c. cell signaling
d. antigen
a. nonspecific
Some complement proteins _______.
a. destroy macrophages and neutrophils
b. promote production of plasma cells
c. reset the body’s thermostat, causing fever
d. stimulate phagocytosis and inflammation
d. stimulate phagocytosis and inflammation
_______ is not a clinical characteristic of inflammation.
a. Edema
b. Redness
c. Pain
d. Decrease in temperature
d. Decrease in temperature
In _______, a cell flows around a bacterium and engulfs it.
a. phagocytosis
b. antigen presentation
c. interferon release
d. inflammation
a. phagocytosis
The principal warriors in specific immune responses are the trillion or so _______ stationed strategically in the lymph tissue.
a. phagocytes
b. lymphocytes
c. macrophages
d. B cells
d. B cells
_______ remain in lymph tissue for many years after an infection.
a. Memory T cells
b. Macrophages
c. Helper T cells
d. Killer B cells
a. Memory T cells
_______ continue to produce small amounts of antibody for years after an
infection.
a. Memory T cells
b. Macrophages
c. T cells
d. Memory B cells
d. Memory B cells
_______ are important in destroying cancer cells and cells infected by
viruses.
a. Memory B cells
b. Killer B cells
c. NK cells
d. Macrophages
c. NK cells
About 75% of the antibodies in the body are _______.
a. IgM
b. IgD
c. IgG
d. IgA
c. IgG
Pregnant women confer _______ immunity upon their developing babies
by producing antibodies for them.
a. passive
b. active
c. no
d. maternal
a. passive
When individuals are exposed to a disease like viral hepatitis or anthrax,
they can be injected with _______ to help protect them from the disease.
a. antigen-antibody complex
b. immunizations
c. gamma globulin
d. T cells
c. gamma globulin
Plasma cells _______.
a. develop into macrophages
b. produce antibodies
c. develop from competent T cells
d. produce antigens
b. produce antibodies
A second exposure to an antigen, even years after the first exposure,________.
a. results in a much more rapid immune
response
b. stimulates an immune response that
requires about 2 weeks to be effective
c. stimulates complement production
d. stimulates passive immunity
a. results in a much more rapid immune
response
The HIV infects _______ and seriously impairs immune function, placing
the patient at risk for other infections.
a. memory T cells
b. memory B cells
c. helper T cells
d. killer T cells
c. helper T cells
Multiple sclerosis is an example of _______.
a. an allergic reaction
b. an autoimmune disease
c. immunological competence
d. a complement system
b. an autoimmune disease
In allergic reactions, _______.
a. there is a very slow, nonspecific immune
response
b. transplanted tissue is destroyed
c. helper T cells stimulate complement
production
d. mast cells release histamine,
d. mast cells release histamine,
Transplanted tissues have foreign antigens that stimulate _______, an
immune response in which T cells destroy the transplant.
a. graft rejection
b. immunosuppression
c. autoimmune disease
d. allergic reactions
a. graft rejection
