Chapter 15 Flashcards
_______ are the substances in food that are used as building blocks to
make new cells and tissues.
a. Mucosae
b. Enzymes
c. Nutrients
d. Calories
c. Nutrients
The ______ system processes food and breaks it down into a form that can
be delivered to and used by the cells.
a. urinary
b. digestive
c. respiratory
d. reproductive
b. digestive
_______ involves taking food into the mouth, chewing it, and swallowing it.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Elimination
d. Absorption
a. Ingestion
_______ removes undigested and unabsorbed food from the body.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Elimination
d. Absorption
c. Elimination
The digestive tract, also called the _______, is a tube about 8 m long.
a. visceral peritoneum
b. alimentary canal
c. small intestine
d. large intestine
b. alimentary canal
Undigested food is eliminated through the _______.
a. submucosa
b. anus
c. appendix
d. cecum
b. anus
The correct pathway for digestion is _______.
a. mouth → esophagus → pharynx →
stomach → small intestine → large
intestine
b. mouth → esophagus → pharynx →
stomach → large intestine → small
intestine
c. mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → large intestine → small
intestine
d. mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → small intestine → large
intestine
d. mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → small intestine → large
intestine
An inflammation of the peritoneum is called _______.
a. peritonitis
b. gastritis
c. diverticulitis
d. peristalsis
a. peritonitis
A large double fold of peritoneal tissue, the _______, extends from the parietal peritoneum and attaches to the small intestine.
a. greater omentum
b. lesser omentum
c. mesentery
d. mesocolon
c. mesentery
_______ helps protect the tooth against wear and tear of chewing and
against chemical substances that might dissolve its inner tissue.
a. Dentin
b. Pulp cavity
c. Enamel
d. A root canal
c. Enamel
Saliva contains _______, which chemically breaks down starches.
a. salivary amylase
b. mucus
c. hydrochloric acid
d. pepsin
a. salivary amylase
A small mass of tissue, the _______, hangs from the lower border of the soft palate.
a. pharynx
b. hard palate
c. glottis
d. uvula
d. uvula
The exit of the stomach is guarded by the _______, a strong ring of muscle.
a. pyloric sphincter
b. cardiac sphincter
c. rugae
d. duodenum
a. pyloric sphincter
The first 22 cm of the small intestine make up the _______, which is curved like the letter C.
a. jejunum
b. ileum
c. colon
d. duodenum
d. duodenum
The small intestine is normally shut off from the large intestine by a sphincter muscle called the _______.
a. pyloric sphincter
b. duojejunum valve
c. anal sphincter
d. ileocecal valve
d. ileocecal valve
_______ is stored in the pear-shaped gallbladder.
a. Pepsin
b. Glucose
c. Bile
d. Gastrin
c. Bile
The villi in the lining of the small intestine _______.
a. produce pepsin
b. increase the surface area for digestion and
absorption
c. secrete alkaline mucus
d. secrete bile
b. increase the surface area for digestion and
absorption
_______ are digested into their component amino acids.
a. Proteins
b. Minerals
c. Lipids
d. Vitamins
a. Proteins
_______ are organic compounds required for certain reactions to take
place; many serve as coenzymes.
a. Minerals
b. Antioxidants
c. Polysaccharides
d. Vitamins
d. Vitamins
When energy input is greater than energy output, _______.
a. minerals are lacking in the diet
b. weight loss occurs
c. weight gain occurs
d. extra vitamins are needed
c. weight gain occurs
The process of taking in and using food is _______.
a. digestion
b. absorption
c. nutrition
d. elimination
c. nutrition
_______ is the transfer of digested food through the wall of the stomach or
intestine and into the circulatory system.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Absorption
d. Elimination
c. Absorption
_______ is the breakdown of food into small molecules.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Absorption
d. Elimination
b. Digestion
Below the diaphragm, the digestive tract is referred to as the _______.
a. GI tract
b. peritoneal cavity
c. mesentery
d. mesocolon
a. GI tract
_______ is not an accessory digestive gland.
a. Salivary gland
b. Liver
c. Pancreas
d. Duodenum
d. Duodenum
The _______ hangs down over the intestine like an apron.
a. lesser omentum
b. mesentery
c. mesocolon
d. greater omentum
d. greater omentum
The mucosa of the digestive tract _______.
a. is the outer coat of the wall of the
digestive tract
b. is specialized for digestion or absorption
in some regions
c. pushes food along by peristalsis
d. is called the visceral peritoneum below
the level of the diaphragm
b. is specialized for digestion or absorption
in some regions
The dentin encloses a(n) _______ that contains nerves and blood vessels.
A. Root canal
B. pulp cavity
C. Conduit
D. Enamel cavity
B.Pulp cavity
Which of the following is not true of saliva?
a. Contains salivary amylase
b. Secreted by the parotid glands
c. Contains trypsin
d. Helps convert the food to a bolus
c. Contains trypsin
The oropharynx and nasopharynx are partitioned by the _______, which
hangs down like a curtain between them.
a. uvula
b. soft palate
c. epiglottis
d. glottis
b. soft palate
The ________ is lined with villi and microvilli, which increase the surface
area for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
a. stomach
b. colon
c. pancreas
d. small intestine
d. small intestine
The pancreas is a large, long gland that ________.
a. releases the hormone CCK
b. secretes both hormones and digestive
enzymes
c. releases its products into the stomach
d. is important in the mechanical digestion
of fats
b. secretes both hormones and digestive
enzymes
Oxygen-rich blood is brought to the liver by the _______.
a. common bile duct
b. thoracic aorta
c. hepatic arteries
d. hepatic portal vein
c. hepatic arteries
The liver produces and secretes bile, which is important in the mechanical digestion of _______.
a. fats
b. proteins
c. carbohydrates
d. cellulose
a. fats
Starch digestion begins in the _______.
a. stomach
b. mouth
c. esophagus
d. duodenum
b. mouth
Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?
a. Absorption of sodium and water
b. Incubation of bacteria
c. Elimination of wastes
d. Digestion
d. Digestion
During digestion, most carbohydrates are broken down into _______.
a. simple sugars like glucose
b. amino acids
c. fatty acids
d. glycerol
a. simple sugars like glucose
_______ is/are inorganic compounds usually ingested in the form of
dissolved salts.
a. Fatty acids
b. Vitamins
c. Minerals
d. Amino acids
c. Minerals
The last 4 cm of the large intestine is the _______.
a. sigmoid colon
b. transverse colon
c. anal canal
d. rectum
c. anal canal
The amount of energy used by the body per unit of time is a measure of
_______.
a. calories
b. metabolic rate
c. nutritional status
d. malnutrition
b. metabolic rate
